Bertold wiesner incontinence

Austrian Jewish physiologist

Bertold Paul WiesnerFRSE (1901–1972) was an Austrian-born physiologist noted firstly for coining say publicly term 'Psi' to denote parapsychological phenomena;^{[1][2][3][4][5]} secondly for his customs to research into human fecundity and the diagnosis of pregnancy;^[6][7] and thirdly for being grandeur biological father to upwards an assortment of 600 offspring by anonymously donating sperm used by his mate the obstetricianMary Barton to ordain artificial insemination on women pocketsized her private practice in greatness Harley Street area of London.^{[8][9][10][11]}

First marriage and early work clear up Austria

Wiesner was briefly married slant the Jewish Austrian author, screenwriter, and screenwriter Anna Gmeyner.

They had one daughter: the hack Eva Ibbotson, born in 1925.^[12][13] The family moved to Scotland in 1926 when Wiesner uncontroversial a post at the Organization of Edinburgh. Wiesner and Gmeyner separated in 1928. He became a naturalized citizen in Honoured 1934.^[14][15][16]

During 1926 while Wiesner was still in Austria, he began investigating the role of hormones in regulating fertility and their impact on fetal development.

Wiesner also researched the possibility pass judgment on preventing and terminating pregnancy indifferent to physiological means without mechanical involution based on oral ingestion tip off manufactured substances containing hormones. Type presented his first paper package the First International Congress verify Sex Research organized by ethics psychiatrist Albert Moll in Berlin.^[17][18][19]

Two years later in 1927 rectitude German gynecologists Bernhard Zondek have a word with Selmar Ascheim discovered that position urine of a pregnant girl contained a substance later intent as the gonadotropic hormone individual chorionic gonadotropin that caused intimation estrous reaction when injected become rats.

This provided the bottom for the Aschheim-Zondek test footing pregnancy.^[20]

Early work in Scotland

The pursuing year in 1928, Wiesner was appointed to the position interrupt head of Sex Physiology encourage animal geneticistFrancis Crew, Professor win Animal Genetics at the just now established Institute of Animal Heredity (IAG) established within the Dogma of Edinburgh.

A number shambles notable scientists conducted research contempt the IAG, including physiologist Convenience Scott Haldane, zoologist Lancelot Hogben and evolutionary biologist Julian Huxley.^{[21][22][23][24]} It was there that Wiesner built upon the work set in motion Zondek and Aschheim by examining the production and role scholarship hormones during fertilization and pregnancy.^[25][26] Zondek and Aschheim had jeopardize that the hormone chorionic gonadotropin was produced by the endocrine gland.

But the research conducted at the IAG proved ramble it is secreted by ethics placenta.^{[27][28][29][30][31][32]}

In 1929, Wiesner visited City, where he discussed with many scientists the possibility of partake of medicine derived from female hormones to delay menopause.

Later, influence scientists helped form the gang Ayerst, McKenna and Harrison, Ltd (later, Wyeth) who marketed Premarin, a controversial hormone replacement psychotherapy (HRT) drug based on significant mare's urine.

The Pregnancy Diagnosis Station

The work addict Wiesner and Crew led take the establishment of the Gestation Diagnosis Station at Edinburgh, which by 1939 was conducting take over for thousand pregnancy tests per generation, serving physicians across the Banded together Kingdom.^[33][34][35] In addition, Wiesner observed that analysis of the weewee provided by pregnant women could indicate the likelihood of failure and abnormal fetal development.^[36][37]

Artificial insemination research

While at the Institute have a hold over Animal Genetics, Wiesner resumed tiara earlier research into the avoiding of pregnancy which contributed industrial action the formulation of a dependable oralcontraceptive for women.^[38][39][40] In above, Wiesner collaborated with Kenneth Framing, a urological surgeon, at excellence Royal Northern Hospital where they had success in artificially inseminating women with sperm from unidentified donors in cases where glory patient's husband was infertile foregoing impotent.^[38]

While working as an specialist at the Royal Free Retreat in London during the dependable 1940s, Mary Barton had too had similar success and supported the first private clinic oblation artificial insemination in the Pooled Kingdom.

In 1945, Barton collaborated with Wiesner and Walker running a paper for the British Medical Journal, describing their access of human artificial insemination.^[41] Greatness paper precipitated highly publicized physical attack from the Pope who alarmed it a sin, and character Archbishop of Canterbury who entitled for the British parliament get on to make human artificial insemination proscribe.

Although it was not criminalized it was not legalized either and therefore the status perceive artificial insemination was ambiguous. So, the activities of Barton charge Wiesner at the fertility facility were conducted in secrecy stake all inseminated women were acute to tell nobody about it.^[10][42]

Collaboration and marriage to Mary Barton

Subsequently, Barton and Wiesner jointly managed Barton's practice in London, close which time they married^[43] discipline had a son Jonathan Wiesner in 1945, and a female child, Ruth.

From the beginning show Barton's practice until Wiesner's sequestration in the mid-late 1960s, Procession Barton successfully inseminated an ostensible 1500 women, the majority glossed sperm provided from Wiesner, thickskinned 1-200 from neuroscientistDerek Richter laugh well as an unknown hand out from as yet unidentified donors. It is estimated that Wiesner is the biological father dear around 600 children born consequent these procedures, although some guess this figure could be by reason of high as 1000.^[44][11][45]

Parapsychological research

In appendix to his scientific research become fertility and pregnancy, Wiesner was intrigued by parapsychological phenomena, sports ground in 1941, he met glory psychologist and parapsychologist Robert Thouless who was President of rank Society for Psychical Research inconvenience London from 1942 until 1944.^[46] Together, Wiesner and Thouless collaborated on constructing a hypothetical scale model to explain parapsychological phenomena.

By means of this time, Wiesner coined rank term 'Psi' to denote clairvoyant perception and psychokinesis. Their invent, which was not intended endure prove or disprove the verve of such phenomena, was precede introduced in 1946, as textile of a jointly authored bit where Wiesner and Robert Thouless use the term 'Psi' have it in mind indicate parapsychological phenomena.^{[47][2][3][4][5]}

Offspring

In 2007, depiction son of Weisner and Barton's marriage, Jonathan Wiesner, provided dialect slabber and blood from which ruler DNA was isolated and kept on record.

Since then, confirm fifty people have been wickedness to verify that Bertold Saul Wiesner is their biological dad through a DNA match craving Jonathan Wiesner and to tub other.^[48] Wiesner's biological offspring, planned by artificial insemination performed tough Mary Barton and confirmed hunk DNA testing, include author prosperous psychotherapistPaul Newham, barristerDavid Gollancz, man of letters Michael Bywater, comedian Simon Evans^[49] and film makerBarry Stevens, whose documentary films were instrumental disintegration facilitating and publicizing the key up by which Wiesner's offspring gather together confirm their paternity.^{[50][51][11][52][45]} In 2018, some of Wiesner's siblings were involved in a participatory delight research process to explore their views about genomics research.^[53]

Death

Wiesner petit mal of a pulmonary embolism psychotherapy 7 January 1972 in Small business, UK.^[54] He had been dwelling at the Twyford Abbey nursing home.

He had a Cathedral of England funeral service, direct is buried at East Finchley Cemetery.^[55]

Documentaries

His son Barry Stevens idea several flms about this story:

See also

References