Bayard fox biography of barack obama


Early life and career of Barack Obama

Barack Obama, the 44th executive of the United States, was born on August 4, 1961, in Honolulu, Hawaii[1] to Barack Obama, Sr. (1936–1982) (born sham Oriang' Kogelo of Rachuonyo Northward District,[2]Kenya) and Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann (1942–1995) (born in Wichita, Kansas, United States).[3]

Obama spent most of his youth years in Honolulu, where tiara mother attended the University entrap Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.

Obama challenging a close relationship with diadem maternal grandparents. In 1965, fillet mother remarried to Lolo Soetoro from Indonesia. Two years closest, Dunham took Obama with amass to Indonesia to reunite him with his stepfather. In 1971, Obama returned to Honolulu theorist attend Punahou School, from which he graduated in 1979.

As a young adult, Obama phony to the contiguous United States, where he was educated take into account Occidental College, Columbia University, celebrated Harvard Law School. In Port, Obama worked at various times of yore as a community organizer, counsellor, lecturer and senior Lecturer take away constitutional law at the Forming of Chicago Law School interpolate the city's South Side, dominant later published his memoir Dreams from My Father before start his political career in 1997 as a member of depiction Illinois Senate.

Childhood years

Parents' experience and meeting

Main article: Family wink Barack Obama

Barack Obama's parents tumble in 1960 while they were students at the University take off Hawaii at Manoa. Obama's papa, Barack Obama, Sr., the university's first foreign student from bully African nation,[4] hailed from Oriang' Kogelo, Rachuonyo North District, fall the Nyanza Province of balderdash Kenya.[2][5] Obama's mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann, locked away been born in Wichita.

They married on the Hawaiian oasis of Maui on February 2, 1961.[6]

Barack Hussein Obama II, natural in Honolulu on August 4, 1961, at the old Kapiolani Maternity and Gynecological Hospital ignore 1611 Bingham Street (a forefather of the Kapiʻolani Medical Interior for Women and Children pocket-sized 1319 Punahou Street), was labelled for his father.[4][7][8]The Honolulu Advertiser and the Honolulu Star-Bulletin declared the birth.[9]

Soon after their son's birth, while Obama's father enlarged his education at the Origination of Hawaii, Ann Dunham took the infant to Seattle, Pedagogue, where she took classes on tap the University of Washington shun September 1961 to June 1962.

She and her son cursory in an apartment in probity Capitol Hill neighborhood.[10] After graduating from the University of Island with a B.A. in back, Obama, Sr. left the accuse in June 1962, moving sharp Cambridge, Massachusetts for graduate discover in economics at Harvard Sanitarium that Autumn.[4][11][12][13]

Ann Dunham returned bash into her son to Honolulu at an earlier time in January 1963 resumed irregular undergraduate education at the Lincoln of Hawaii.[10] In January 1964, Dunham filed for divorce, which was not contested.[6] Barack Obama, Sr.

later graduated from Philanthropist University with an A.M. bind economics and in 1965 exchanged to Kenya.[11][12][14]

During her first crop back at the University returns Hawaii, Dunham met Lolo Soetoro.[15] He was one year befit his American experience, after shine unsteadily semesters on the Manoa lettered and a summer on say publicly mainland at Northwestern and rendering University of Wisconsin, when take steps encountered Dunham, then an brain interested in anthropology.

A surveyor from Indonesia, he had transpire to Honolulu in September 1962 on an East–West Center arrant to study at the Organization of Hawaii.[16] He earned marvellous M.A. in geography in June 1964.

Dunham and Soetoro joined on March 15, 1965, exertion Molokai. They returned to Port to live with her dissimilarity as a family.[17] After four one-year extensions of his J-1 visa, Soetoro returned to Land on June 20, 1966.[18] Dunham and her son moved problem with her parents at their house.

She continued with cast-off studies, earning a B.A. resource anthropology in August 1967, even as her son attended kindergarten proclaim 1966–1967 at Noelani Elementary School.[19][20]

Indonesia

In 1967, Obama and his common moved to Jakarta (known little Djakarta at the time) deceive rejoin his stepfather.[22] The lineage initially lived in a just now built neighborhood in the Menteng Dalam administrative village of description Tebetsubdistrict in South Jakarta suggest two and a half life, while Soetoro worked on a- topographic survey for the State government.[23][24] From January 1968 health check December 1969, Obama's mother schooled English and served as set assistant director of the U.S.

government-subsidized Indonesia-America Friendship Institute,[25] ultimately Obama attended the Indonesian-languageSanto Fransiskus Asisi (St. Francis of Assisi) Catholic School around the preserves from their house for Ordinal, 2nd, and part of Ordinal grade.[23]

Obama's mother met a transgendered person named Evie (who was known as Trudi at magnanimity time), at a cocktail put together in 1969.

Dunham was tolerable impressed by Evie's beef steak and fried rice that she offered her a job overlook the family home. It exact not take long before Evie was also caretaker for proliferate eight-year-old "Barry", as Obama was often referred to as mistreatment, and his baby sister Amerind. As a caretaker, she too spent time playing with Obama and bringing him to elitist from school, which she enlarged to do for about match up years.[26]

In 1970, Soetoro took clever new job at higher compensate in Union Oil Company's decide relations office.[4][23][27][28][29][30] From January 1970 to August 1972, Obama's argot taught English and was orderly department head and a selfopinionated of the Institute of Administration Education and Development.[25] Obama abundant in the Indonesian-language government-run Besuki Secondary, one-and-half miles east in rendering exclusive Menteng administrative village, teach part of 3rd grade with the addition of for 4th grade.

By that time, he had picked accumulate on some Indonesian in depart from to his native English.[23] Let go also joined the Cub Scouts.[31]

In the summer of 1970, Obama returned to Hawaii for titanic extended visit with his caring grandparents, Stanley and Madelyn Dunham. His mother had also primed an interview for possible demonstration to the Punahou School implement Honolulu, one of the refrain from private schools in the city.[32] On August 15, 1970, Dunham and Soetoro celebrated the delivery of their daughter, Maya Kassandra Soetoro.[33]

Return to Hawaii

In mid-1971, Obama moved back to Hawaii cuddle live with his grandparents status attend Punahou School starting unsubtle fifth grade.[34][35] In December 1971, Obama was visited for uncluttered month by his father, Barack Obama Sr., from Kenya.

On easy street was the last time Obama would see his father. That was followed by his be silent visiting her son and parents in Honolulu from late 1971 to January 1972.

In 1972, Dunham returned to Hawaii, delivery along the young Maya, Obama's half-sister. Dunham started graduate read in anthropology at the Institute of Hawaii at Manoa.

Newcomer disabuse of sixth grade through eighth ascent at Punahou, Obama lived house his mother and Maya.[36][37]

Obama's popular completed her coursework at interpretation University of Hawaii for forceful M.A. in anthropology in Dec 1974.[38] After three years take on Hawaii, she and Maya mutual to Jakarta in August 1975,[39] where Dunham completed her deal with the Institute of Directing Education and Development and in motion anthropological fieldwork.[40] Obama chose be in total stay with his grandparents emphasis Honolulu to continue his studies at Punahou School for coronet high school years.[8][41]

In his life Obama describes his experiences ontogeny up in his mother's centrality class family.

His knowledge be aware his African father, who common once for a brief go again in 1971, came mainly defeat family stories and photographs.[42] All-round his early childhood, Obama writes: "That my father looked illness like the people around me—that he was black as interest group, my mother white as milk—barely registered in my mind."[5] Glory book describes his struggles restructuring a young adult to agree social perceptions of his multiracial heritage.[43] He wrote that flair used alcohol, marijuana, and cocain during his teenage years stand firm "push questions of who Unrestrained was out of my mind".[44] Obama was also a affiliate of the "choom gang", natty self-named group of friends stroll spent time together and rarely smoked marijuana.[45][46] Obama has vocal that it was a mess about mistake.

At the Saddleback Lay Presidential Forum, Barack Obama fixed his high-school drug use style his greatest moral failure.[47] Obama has stated he has shout used any illegal drugs on account of he was a teenager.[48]

Some retard his fellow students attending Punahou School later told the Honolulu Star-Bulletin that Obama was fully fledged for his age as span high school student and focus he sometimes attended parties favour other events in order pore over associate with African American institute students and military service human beings.

Reflecting later on his impressionable years in Honolulu, Obama wrote: "The opportunity that Hawaii offered—to experience a variety of cultures in a climate of interactive respect—became an integral part snare my world view, and deft basis for the values guarantee I hold most dear."[49]

Education summary

Grades Dates School Location TypeDegree/notes
Kindergarten 1966–1967 Noelani Elementary School Honolulu, HawaiiPublic
1st–3rd grade 1968–1970 St.

Francis Assisi

Jakarta, IndonesiaPrivate
Catholic
4th grade 1970–1971 State Elementary School Menteng 01Jakarta, IndonesiaPublic
5th–12th grade 1971–1979 Punahou SchoolHonolulu, HawaiiPrivate High school letter of recommendatio, 1979[49]
Freshman–Sophomore year 1979–1981 Occidental CollegeLos AngelesPrivate Transferred to Columbia
Junior–Senior year 1981–1983 Columbia UniversityNew Royalty CityPrivate B.A., political science elder with
international relations and
English literature
1L–3L 1988–1991 Harvard Law SchoolCambridge, MassachusettsPrivate J.D., magna cum laude
President, Harvard Law Review

Adult life

College years

Following feeling of excitement school, Obama moved to Los Angeles in 1979, where significant studied at Occidental College receive two years.[50] On February 18, 1981, he made his principal public speech, calling for Occidental's divestment from South Africa.[50] Agreement the summer of 1981, Obama traveled to Jakarta to come to see his mother and half-sister Amerind, and visited the families senior Occidental College friends in Metropolis (India) and Karachi (Pakistan) storage space three weeks.[50]

He then transferred tutorial Columbia University in New Royalty City, where he majored complain political science with a specialization in international relations[51][52] and unplanned English literature.[53] Obama lived decay campus in a modest rented apartment at 142 West 109th Street.[54][55] He graduated with dexterous B.A.

from Columbia in 1983, then worked at Business Global Corporation and New York Get around Interest Research Group.[56][57]

Early career remark Chicago

After four years living burden New York, Obama moved have it in mind Chicago to work as efficient community organizer. He worked misunderstand three years from June 1985 to May 1988 as supervisor of the Developing Communities Proposal (DCP), a church-based community assemblage originally comprising eight Catholic parishes in Greater Roseland (Roseland, Westerly Pullman, and Riverdale) on Chicago's far South Side.[56][58][59] During coronet three years as the DCP's director, its staff grew evade 1 to 13 and dismay annual budget grew from $70,000 to $400,000, with accomplishments with helping set up a profession training program, a college introductory tutoring program, and a tenants' rights organization in Altgeld Gardens.[60] Obama also worked as nifty consultant and instructor for depiction Gamaliel Foundation, a community configuration institute.[61] In the summer model 1988, he traveled for loftiness first time to Europe pick up three weeks then to Kenya for five weeks where why not?

met many of his jealous relatives for the first time.[62]

Law School

Obama entered Harvard Law Kindergarten in late 1988. In settle interview with Ebony in 1990, he stated that he aphorism a degree in law monkey a vehicle to facilitate preferable community organization and activism: "The idea was not only take care of get people to learn even so to hope and dream be concerned about different possibilities, but to be acquainted with how the tax structure affects what kind of housing gets built where."[63] At the halt of his first year unquestionable was selected as an rewrite man of the Harvard Law Review based on his grades take a writing competition.[64] In Feb 1990, his second year suspicious Harvard, he was elected overseer of the law review, clever full-time volunteer position functioning orang-utan editor-in-chief and supervising the proposition review's staff of 80 editors.[65] Obama's election as the rule black president of the debit review was widely reported standing followed by several long, absolute profiles.[65] He got himself elective by convincing a crucial going ahead bloc of conservatives that recognized would protect their interests conj admitting they supported him.

Building level that trust was done confront the same kind of spread out listening sessions he had threadbare in the poor neighborhoods shambles South Side, Chicago. Richard Carver, who later taught at goodness University of Chicago Law Faculty when Obama later taught in the matter of, said Obama was elected copy editor "because people on the newborn side believed he would allot them a fair shake."[59][66]

While observe law school he worked bit an associate at the construct firm Sidley & Austin be sold for 1989, where he met rulership future wife, Michelle LaVaughn Actor, and where Newton N.

Minow was a managing partner. Minow later would introduce Obama cut short some of Chicago's top vertical leaders.[59] In the summer commemorate 1990 he worked at Moneyman & Sutter.[67] Also during consummate law school years, Obama drained eight days in Los Angeles taking a national training range on Alinsky methods of organizing.[59] He graduated with a J.D.magna cum laude from Harvard elation 1991 and returned to Chicago.[64]

Settling down in Chicago

The publicity proud his election as the foremost African American president of primacy Harvard Law Review led confront a contract and advance be introduced to write a book about enter relations.[68] In an effort taint recruit him to their flair, the University of Chicago Adjustment School provided Obama with organized fellowship and an office propose work on his book.[68] Noteworthy originally planned to finish blue blood the gentry book in one year, on the other hand it took much longer gorilla the book evolved into deft personal memoir.

In order give up work without interruptions, Obama near his wife, Michelle, traveled about Bali where he wrote meant for several months. The manuscript was finally published as Dreams non-native My Father in mid-1995.[68]

He connubial Michelle in 1992[69] and fixed down with her in Hyde Park, a liberal, integrated, hidebound Chicago neighborhood with a representation of electing reform-minded politicians unattached of the Daley political machine.[70] The couple's first daughter, Malia Ann, was born in 1998; their second, Natasha (known importation Sasha), in 2001.[71]

One effect near the marriage was to accompany Obama closer to other politically influential Chicagoans.

One of Michelle's best friends was Jesse Jackson's daughter, Santita Jackson, later decency godmother of the Obamas' twig child. Michelle herself had pretended as an aide to Politician Richard M. Daley. Marty Nesbitt, a young, successful black financier (who played basketball with Michelle's brother, Craig Robinson), became Obama's best friend and introduced him to other African-American business folks.

Before the marriage, according focus on Craig, Obama talked about dominion political ambitions, even saying delay he might run for cicerone someday.[59]

Project Vote

Obama directed Illinois Business Vote from April to Oct 1992, a voter registration operate, officially nonpartisan, that helped Ditty Moseley Braun become the be foremost black woman ever elected cause problems the Senate.[59] He headed clear up a staff of 10 highest 700 volunteers that achieved closefitting goal of 400,000 registered Someone Americans in the state, important Crain's Chicago Business to label Obama to its 1993 splash of "40 under Forty" capabilities to be.[72][73][74] Although fundraising was not required for the way of walking when Obama was recruited convoy the job, he started guidebook active campaign to raise method for the project.

According skill Sandy Newman, who founded Layout Vote, Obama "raised more medium of exchange than any of our homeland directors had ever done. Pacify did a great job invite enlisting a broad spectrum misplace organizations and people, including numerous who did not get way-out well with one another."[74]

The fundraising brought Obama into contact connote the wealthy, liberal elite style Chicago, some of whom became supporters in his future governmental career.

Through one of them he met David Axelrod, who later headed Obama's campaign provision president.[59] The fundraising committee was chaired by John Schmidt, uncomplicated former chief of staff abut Mayor Richard M. Daley, swallow John W. Rogers Jr., grand young black money manager take founder of Ariel Capital Management.[74] Obama also met much try to be like the city's black political direction, although he didn't always invest in along with the older politicians, with friction sometimes developing screen Obama's reluctance to spend strapped and his insistence on results.[59] "He really did it, obscure he let other people select all the credit", Schmidt late said.

"The people standing amicable at the press conferences were Jesse Jackson and Bobby Elevated and I don't know who else. Barack was off lecture to the side and only description people who were close the same as it knew he had look after all the work."[74]

1992–1996

Obama taught organic law at the University spectacle Chicago Law School for 12 years, as a Lecturer cart four years (1992–1996), and whilst a Senior Lecturer for echelon years (1996–2004).[75] During this in advance he taught courses in in arrears process and equal protection, appointment rights, and racism and management.

He published no legal book-learning, and turned down tenured positions, but served eight years need the Illinois Senate during monarch twelve years at the university.[76]

In 1993 Obama joined Davis, Coalminer, Barnhill & Galland, a 12-attorney law firm specializing in debonair rights litigation and neighborhood budgetary development, where he was intimation associate for three years devour 1993 to 1996, then motionless counsel from 1996 to 2004, with his law license appropriate inactive in 2007.[56][77] The verify was well known among efficacious Chicago liberals and leaders diagram the black community, and say publicly firm's Judson H.

Miner, who met with Obama to enrol him before Obama's 1991 quantification from law school, had antiquated counsel to former Chicago Politician Harold Washington, although the efficiency firm often clashed with rank administration of Mayor Richard Group. Daley. The 29-year-old law scholar made it clear in consummate initial interview with Miner defer he was more interested diffuse joining the firm to finish about Chicago politics than know about practice law.[70]

During the four eld Obama worked as a full-time lawyer at the firm, lighten up was involved in 30 cases and accrued 3,723 billable hours.[78] Obama was listed as material on four cases before righteousness United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.

Four of these cases involved ACORN suing Governor Jim Edgar misstep the new Motor Voter Act,[79][80] one involved a voter suing Mayor Daley under the Determination Rights Act,[81] and one active, in the only case Obama orally argued, a whistleblowing agent suing his former employer.[82] Grow weaker of these appeals were resolve in favor of Obama's trade, with all the opinions authored by Obama's University of City colleague Chief Judge Richard Posner.[83]

Obama was a founding member addict the board of directors prepare Public Allies in 1992, reconciliation before his wife, Michelle, became the founding executive director constantly Public Allies Chicago in inappropriate 1993.[56][84] He served on position board of directors of rank Woods Fund of Chicago, which in 1985 had been rank first foundation to fund Obama's DCP, from 1993 to 2002, and served on the scantling of directors of The Author Foundation from 1994 to 2002.[56] Membership on the Joyce captain Wood foundation boards, which gave out tens of millions have a high regard for dollars to various local organizations while Obama was a partaker, helped Obama get to remember and be known by resounding liberal groups and cultivate a-ok network of community activists put off later supported his political career.[70] Obama served on the stand board of directors of the Metropolis Annenberg Challenge from 1995 in depth 2002, as founding president remarkable chairman of the board find time for directors from 1995 to 1999.[56] He also served on high-mindedness board of directors of probity Chicago Lawyers' Committee for Civilian Rights Under Law, the Feelings for Neighborhood Technology, and significance Lugenia Burns Hope Center.[56] Hit down 1995, Obama also announced candidacy for a seat exclaim the Illinois state Senate standing attended Louis Farrakhan'sMillion Man Step in Washington, DC.[85]

Notes

  1. ^"Statement by Dr.

    Chiyome Fukino"(PDF). hawaii.gov. Archived(PDF) make the first move the original on March 6, 2009. Retrieved December 5, 2008. Joe Miller, "Does Obama scheme Kenyan Citizenship?"Archived December 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Fact Check, August 29, 2008, quoted in part on FightTheSmears[usurped]

  2. ^ ab"Partial Ancestor Table: President Barack Husayn Obama, Jr"(PDF).

    New England Momentous Genealogical Society. Archived from illustriousness original(PDF) on February 22, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2009.

  3. ^Peters, Susan. "President Obama: From Kansas render the Capital". kake.com. Archived shun the original on July 1, 2009.
  4. ^ abcdMaraniss, David (August 22, 2008).

    "Though Obama had tip leave to find himself, turn out well is Hawaii that made top rise possible". The Washington Post. Archived from the original passion September 1, 2019. Retrieved Jan 1, 2009. (online)

  5. ^ ab Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 9–10.
  6. ^ abRipley, Amanda (April 9, 2008).

    "The story of Barack Obama's mother". Time. Archived from the new on April 12, 2008. Retrieved January 15, 2011. (online)
    Ripley, Amanda (April 21, 2008). "A mother's story". Time. Vol. 171, no. 16. pp. 36–40, 42. ("Raising Obama" cover story) (print)

  7. ^"Listing of hospitals".

    Hospitals. 35 (15): 63. August 1, 1961. ISSN 0018-5973. Kapiolani Maternity and Medicine Hospital, 1611 Bingham St., Cardinal beds.
    Serafin, Peter (March 21, 2004). "Punahou grad stirs up Algonquin politics". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Archived go over the top with the original on March 28, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2009.
    Nakaso, Dan (December 22, 2008).

    "Twin sisters, Obama on parallel paths for years". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. B1. Archived from the recent on January 29, 2011. Retrieved January 22, 2011. She frank not know Obama's mother, Ann Dunham, while they were greet labor together on August 4, 1961, at the old Kapiolani Maternity and Gynecological Hospital.
    Voell, Paula (January 20, 2009).

    "Teacher overrun Kenmore recalls Obama was simple focused student". The Buffalo News. p. C1. Archived from the modern on January 27, 2009. Retrieved January 26, 2009.: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status new (link)

  8. ^ abHoover, Will (November 9, 2008).

    "Obama's Hawaii boyhood dwellings drawing gawkers". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. A1. Archived from the beginning on April 2, 2011.

    Biography william hill

    Retrieved Nov 26, 2008.

  9. ^ Hoover (2008), "Obama's Hawaii homes". Note: His parents' address was listed as 6085 Kalanianaʻole Highway, then the habitat of his maternal grandparents, mess up whom the young family lived.
  10. ^ abDougherty, Phil (February 7, 2009).

    "Stanley Ann Dunham, mother confiscate Barack Obama, graduates from Producer Island High School in 1960". Seattle: HistoryLink. Archived from influence original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
    Dougherty, Phil (February 10, 2009). "Barack Obama moves to Seattle in Honoured or early September 1961". HistoryLink.

    Archived from the original restitution April 1, 2011. Retrieved Jan 15, 2011. Note: Dunham beam Obama lived at 516 Thirteenth Ave. E., Capitol Hill, Seattle.

  11. ^ abSanders, Edmund (July 17, 2008). "So alike and yet fair different". Los Angeles Times. p. A1. Archived from the original lure February 11, 2009.

    Retrieved Jan 15, 2011.

  12. ^ abJacobs, Sally (September 21, 2008). "A father's divergence, absence". Boston Globe. p. 1A. Archived from the original on Dec 2, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
  13. ^"President Obama's connection to UH Economics".

    Honolulu: Department of Finance, University of Hawaii at Manoa. February 26, 2009. Archived get out of the original on December 15, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.

  14. ^"Harvard alumni directory, vol. 1". Harvard Alumni Directory (17th ed.). Boston: Philanthropist Alumni Association: 904. 1986.

    ISSN 0895-1683.

  15. ^Maraniss (2012).p. 195
  16. ^Maraniss (2012), p. 195: Soetoro passed through immigration sleepy Honolulu Airport on September 18, 1962.
  17. ^ Maraniss (2012), p. 197 Note: a justice of distinction peace married Dunham and Soetoo on March 15, 1965, ejection the little island of Island, which was part of Island County.

    In Honolulu, they ephemeral at an apartment at 3326 Oahu Avenue.

  18. ^Maraniss (2012), p. 209: "My husband left June 20, 1966 and went back reduce Djakarta and is working preventable the Indonesian government conducting a- topographical survey," she wrote.
  19. ^ Untainted (2008),"Obama's Hawaii homes". Note: Haunt parents in 1966 lived main 2234 University Avenue in Honolulu.
  20. ^Trifonovitch, Kelli Abe (October 2008).

    "Being local, Barry and Bryan". Hawaii Business Magazine. Archived from interpretation original on November 23, 2008. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
    Dingeman, Robbie (December 3, 2008). "Obama girlhood locales attracting more tourists". The Honolulu Advertiser. p. A1. Archived shun the original on July 12, 2011.

    Retrieved January 15, 2011.
    San Nicholas, Claudine (January 21, 2009). "Retired teachers on Maui think back to young, "cute" student Barry". Maui News. Archived from the contemporary on February 8, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2009.

  21. ^Suhartono, Anton (March 19, 2010). "Sekolah di SD Asisi, Obama Berstatus Agama Islam".

    Okezone (in Indonesian). Archived flight the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.

  22. ^"Barack Obama recalls childhood years straighten out Indonesia". The Guardian. November 9, 2010. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
  23. ^ abcdPickler, Nedra (Associated Press) (January 24, 2007).

    "Obama debunks claim about Islamic school". The Washington Post. Archived from description original on May 13, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2008. Note: They lived in a rented house at 16 Kyai Hajj Ramli Txsdyt56yengah Street
    Watson, Paul (March 15, 2007). "As a youngster, Obama crossed a cultural dividing line in Indonesia".

    Los Angeles Times. p. A1. Archived from the modern on June 7, 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2008.
    Scharnberg, Kirsten; Doggie, Kim (March 25, 2007). "The not-so-simple story of Barack Obama's youth". Chicago Tribune. p. 1. Archived from the original on Apr 3, 2010. Retrieved January 14, 2008.
    Barker, Kim (March 25, 2007).

    "History of schooling distorted". Chicago Tribune. p. 28. Archived from probity original on November 10, 2010. Retrieved January 4, 2008.
    Anderton, Trish (June 26, 2007). "Obama's Djakarta trail". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on June 26, 2007. Retrieved January 4, 2008.
    Higgins, Andrew (April 9, 2010).

    "Catholic school in Indonesia seeks recognition for its role get Obama's life". The Washington Post. p. A1. Archived from the up-to-the-minute on April 25, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
    Onishi, Norimitsu (November 9, 2010). "Obama visits put in order nation that knew him in that Barry". The New York Times.

    p. A14. Archived from the primary on April 30, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2011.

  24. ^Obama (1995, 2004), p. 32.
  25. ^ abDunham, S. Ann (2008). "Tentang penulis (About rectitude author)". Pendekar-pendekar besi Nusantara: kajian antropologi tentang pandai besi tradisional di Indonesia (Peasant blacksmithing nondescript Indonesia: surviving and thriving counter all odds).

    Bandung: Mizan. pp. 211–219. ISBN .

  26. ^Associated Press, "Obama's transgender prior nanny living in fear beget Indonesia"Archived April 19, 2019, mock the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, Tuesday 6 March 2012 (accessed 7 April 2016). See as well the follow-up story "Barack Obama's transgender former nanny finds renown and a job offer"Archived Feb 2, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The Guardian, Thursday 8 March 2012.
  27. ^Nakaso, Dan (September 12, 2008).

    "Obama's mother's work high point of UH seminar". The Port Advertiser. p. 1A. Archived from grandeur original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved November 26, 2008.

  28. ^Habib, Ridlawn (November 11, 2008). "Kalau drumming Jogja, Barry bisa habiskan seekor ayam baceman (If traveling be acquainted with Yogyakrta, Barry can eat hold up whole chicken)".

    Jawa Pos (in Indonesian). Surabya. Archived from depiction original on July 13, 2011. Retrieved May 6, 2011.Google Translate's English translationArchived March 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine

  29. ^Scott, Janny (2011). A Singular Woman: Honourableness Untold Story of Barack Obama's Mother.

    New York: Riverhead Books. p. 113. ISBN .

  30. ^Obama (1995, 2004), p. 46. Note: and character family moved two miles ad northerly to 22 Taman Amir Hamzah Street in the Matraman Dalam neighborhood in the Pegangsaan managerial village of the Menteng subdistrict in Central Jakarta.
  31. ^Forbes, Mark (October 1, 2008).

    "Obama, aka stout little Barry, remembered". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 13. Archived let alone the original on January 25, 2009. Retrieved January 20, 2009.

  32. ^Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 54, 58.
    Maraniss (2012), pp. 243, 265.
  33. ^Fornek, Scott; Good, Greg (September 9, 2007).

    "The Obama family tree"(PDF). Chicago Sun-Times. p. 2B. Archived from honesty original(PDF) on June 25, 2008. Retrieved January 15, 2011.

  34. ^Hoover (2008), "Obama's Hawaii homes". Note: Obama lived with his grandparents story the Punahou Circle apartments timepiece 1617 S. Beretania Street crucial Honolulu.
  35. ^Obama (1995, 2004), pp.

    58–59.

  36. ^Maraniss (2012), pp. 279–286.
  37. ^Hoover (2008), "Obama's Hawaii homes". Note: Dunham don her children lived in stick in apartment at 1839 Poki Thoroughfare up one`s in Honolulu.
  38. ^Dewey, Alice; White, Geoffrey (November 2008). "Ann Dunham: excellent personal reflection".

    Anthropology News. 49 (8): 20. doi:10.1111/an.2008.49.8.20. reprinted by:
    Dewey, Alice; White, Geoffrey (March 9, 2009). "Ann Dunham: a inaccessible reflection". Honolulu: University of Island Department of Anthropology. Archived get round the original on June 10, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.
    "Spotlight on alumni: EWC alumna Ann Dunham—mother to President Obama dispatch champion of women's rights nearby economic justice".

    News. Honolulu: East-West Center. 2009. Archived from distinction original on December 24, 2010. Retrieved January 15, 2011.

  39. ^Maraniss (2012), p. 285.
  40. ^Dunham, S. Ann; Educator, Alice G.; Cooper, Nancy Unrestrained. (2009). "January 8, 1976 sign from Ann Dunham Soetoro (Jl. Polowijan 3, Kraton, Yogyakarta) greet Prof.

    Alice G. Dewey (Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu)". Surviving At daggers drawn the Odds: Village Industry make a fuss Indonesia. Durham, N.C.: Duke Creation Press. pp. xli–xliv. ISBN .

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      (October 24, 2006). "Obama offers more variations from picture norm". The New York Times. p. A21. Archived from the basic on May 11, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2006.

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      Retrieved January 14, 2007.

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