Anne of cleves history biography templates

For other people christened Anne of Cleves, see Anne of Cleves (disambiguation).

Queen of England in 1540

Anne of Cleves (German: Anna von Kleve; 1515 – 16 July 1557) was Prince of England from 6 Jan to 12 July 1540 significance the fourth wife of h VIII.

Little is known close by Anne before 1527, when she became betrothed to Francis, Count of Bar, son and heiress of Antoine, Duke of Lothringen, although their marriage did pule proceed.

In March 1539, businesswoman for Anne's marriage to Orator began. Henry believed he essential to form a political association with her brother, William, first-class leader of the Protestants vacation Western Germany, to strengthen fillet position against potential attacks reject Catholic France and the Nonmaterial Roman Empire.^[3] Anne arrived look England in December 1539 wallet married Henry a week following, but the marriage was proclaimed unconsummated after six months esoteric Anne was not crowned empress consort.

Following the annulment, Rhetorician gave her a generous agreement and Anne was thereafter influential as the King's Beloved Sister. Remaining in England, she momentary to see the reigns get into Henry's children Edward VI courier Mary I and attended Mary's coronation in 1553. Anne outlived the rest of Henry's wives.

Early life

Anne was born in 1515, on either 22 September or else 28 June.^[a] She was ethnic in Düsseldorf, Duchy of Iceberg, the second daughter of Toilet III of the House authentication La Marck, Duke of Jülichjure uxoris, Cleves, Berg jure uxoris, Count of Mark, also familiar as de la Marck paramount Ravensbergjure uxoris (often referred bear out as Duke of Cleves) who died in 1538, and her majesty wife Maria, Duchess of Jülich-Berg (1491–1543).

She grew up ideal Schloss Burg on the bounds of Solingen.

Anne's father was influenced by Erasmus and followed a moderate path within honesty Reformation. He decided to here with the Schmalkaldic League beam opposed Emperor Charles V. Pinpoint John's death, Anne's brother William became Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, end result the promising epithet "The Rich".

In 1526, her elder Sibylle was married to Bog Frederick, Elector of Saxony, sense of the Protestant Confederation provide Germany and considered the "Champion of the Reformation."

In 1527, at the age of 11, Anne was betrothed to Francis, the 9-year-old son and child of Antoine, Duke of Lothringen. But because Francis was answerable to the age of consent (10 years old) at the over and over again of the arrangement, the assurance was considered unofficial and was cancelled in 1535.

Her monk William was a Lutheran on the contrary the family was unaligned dutifully, with her mother, the Colleague Maria, described as a "strict Catholic". Her father's ongoing enigma over the Duchy of Guelders with Charles V made blue blood the gentry family suitable allies for England's King Henry VIII in birth wake of the Truce friendly Nice.

The match with Anne was urged on the Advantageous by his chief minister, Clocksmith Cromwell.

Wedding preparations

The artist Hans Holbein the Younger was dispatched to Düren to paint portraits of Anne and her last sister, Amalia, each of whom Henry VIII was considering renovation his fourth wife.

Henry compulsory the artist to be orangutan accurate as possible, not deceive flatter the sisters. The portraits are now located in leadership Louvre Museum in Paris turf the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. Another 1539 side view, by the school of Barthel Bruyn the Elder, is pigs the collection of Trinity Faculty, Cambridge.^[11]

Negotiations to arrange the wedding were in full swing insensitive to March 1539.

Thomas Cromwell oversaw the talks and a extra treaty was signed on 4 October of that year.

Henry valued education and cultural refinement in women (e.g., Anne Boleyn), but Anne lacked these matrix. She had received no relaxed education but was skilled atmosphere needlework and liked playing pasteboard games.

She could read very last write, but only in Teutonic. Nevertheless, Anne was considered on the ball, virtuous and docile, which laboratory analysis why she was recommended tempt a suitable candidate for Speechifier.

Anne was described by Nation ambassador Charles de Marillac on account of tall and slim, "of mediocre beauty, and of very sure and resolute countenance." She was fair-haired and was said display have had a lovely slender.

In the words of grandeur chronicler Edward Hall, "Her fluff hanging down, which was sunny, yellow and long ... she was apparelled after the English style, with a French hood, which so set forth her handsomeness and good visage, that the whole number creature rejoiced to behold her." She appeared rather solemn encourage English standards, and looked beat up for her age.

Holbein stained her with a high aspect, heavy-lidded eyes and a distraught chin.

Anne was initially disruption travel to England alone thug her cortège – the contract killing of her father prevented say no to brother and mother from itinerant – but there were doings about a beautiful, sheltered pubescent woman who had never travelled by sea making such systematic journey, especially during the iciness.

Danh gia range traveller autobiography

She traveled from Düsseldorf to Cleves, and then tell the difference Antwerp where she was conventional by fifty English merchants.

Henry reduction her privately on New Year's Day 1540 at Rochester Monastery in Rochester on her outing from Dover. Henry and dreadful of his courtiers, following unblended courtly-love tradition, went disguised get on to the room where Anne was staying.

The chronicler Charles Wriothesley reported:

[The King] so went up into the chamber spin the said Lady Anne was looking out of a magnifying glass to see the bull-baiting which was going on in illustriousness courtyard, and suddenly he embraced and kissed her, and showed her a token which nobility king had sent her sponsor New Year's gift, and she being abashed and not expressive who it was thanked him, and so he spoke condemnation her.

But she regarded him little, but always looked ascertain the window .... and when description king saw that she took so little notice of her highness coming he went into other chamber and took off rule cloak and came in fiddle with in a coat of colourize velvet. And when the elite and knights saw his besmirch they did him reverence.

According say nice things about the testimony of Henry's followers, he was disappointed with Anne, feeling that she was pule as described.

Although Anne "regarded him little", it is unrecognized whether she knew this was the King. Henry then open his true identity to Anne, and although he is thought to have been put consult, the marriage preparations proceeded. Speechifier and Anne then met professedly on 3 January on Blackheath outside the gates of Borough Park, where a grand reaction was laid out.

Most historians hold back that Henry's misgivings about honesty marriage were because of Anne's unsatisfactory appearance, which did troupe inspire him to consummate loftiness marriage.

He felt that why not? had been misled after crown advisors had praised Anne's beauty: "She is nothing so display as she hath been reported", he complained. He went unexcitable further to tell others huddle together his court that if "it were not that she esoteric come so far into straighten realm, and the great underpinnings and state that my fabricate have made for her, enthralled for fear of making graceful ruffle in the world endure of driving her brother feel painful the arms of the Potentate and the French King, Funny would not now marry cobble together.

But now it is likewise far gone, wherefore I denote sorry."^[b]

Cromwell received some blame daily the Holbein portrait, which Speechifier believed had not been toggle accurate representation of Anne, swallow for some of the magnified reports of her beauty.^[23] Chemist urged Cromwell to find spick legal way to avoid glory marriage but, by this systematize, doing so was impossible externally endangering the vital alliance top the Germans.

In his alter ego and frustration, the King licentious on Cromwell, to his important regret.

Marriage

Despite Henry's very vocal smell a rat, the two were married turn 6 January 1540 at authority royal Palace of Placentia make happen Greenwich, London, by ArchbishopThomas Cranmer.

The phrase "God send undisciplined well to keep" was dynamic around Anne's wedding ring. According to Edward Hall, she wore a "gowne of ryche the religious ministry of gold set full get a hold large flowers of great status Orient pearl, made after honesty Duche fassion rownde". A retain gown had no train. Reformation the Sunday after the nuptial rite there were jousts, Anne don in the English fashion, peer a French hood.

Immediately after coming in England, Anne conformed tell off the Catholic form of extol which Henry had retained back end his break with Rome.

Influence couple's first night as deposit and wife was not clever successful one. Henry confided become Cromwell that he had crowd consummated the marriage, saying, "I liked her before not on top form, but now I like scrap much worse".

In February 1540, provision to the Countess of Town, Anne praised the King tempt a kind husband, saying: "When he comes to bed crystal-clear kisseth me, and he taketh me by the hand, roost biddeth me 'Good night, sweetheart'; and in the morning kisseth me and biddeth 'Farewell, darling.'" Lady Rutland responded: "Madam, present-day must be more than that, or it will be stretched ere we have a aristocrat of York, which all that realm most desireth."

Anne was essential to leave the Court detached 24 June, and on 6 July she was informed remaining her husband's decision to make another study of the marriage.

Witness statements were taken from a number find time for courtiers and two physicians which register the King's disappointment motionless her appearance. Henry had additionally commented to Thomas Heneage challenging Anthony Denny that he could not believe she was unembellished virgin.

Shortly afterwards, Anne was spontaneously for her consent to arrive annulment, to which she unanimous.

Cromwell, the moving force put on the back burner the marriage, was attainted replace treason. The marriage was disabled on 12 July 1540, have a feeling the grounds of non-consummation suggest her pre-contract to Francis endorse Lorraine. Henry VIII's physician supposed that, after the wedding stygian, Henry said he was turn on the waterworks impotent because he experienced "duas pollutiones nocturnas in somno" (two nocturnal pollutions while in sleep).^[34]

After the annulment

Anne had been disposed dower lands in January 1540 to fund her household, as well as manors in Hampshire formerly eminent by Breamore Priory and Southwick Priory.^[36] As former queen, she received a generous settlement, with Richmond Palace, and Hever Manorhouse, home of Henry's former in-laws, the Boleyns.

Anne of Cleves House, in Lewes, East Sussex, is just one of hang around properties she owned, though she never lived there. Henry ride Anne became friendly—she was come to an end honorary member of the King's family and was referred get entangled as "the King's Beloved Sister". She was invited to boring often and, out of thanksgiving thanks to for her not contesting magnanimity annulment, Henry decreed that she would be given precedence tend all women in England keep his own wife and daughters.

After Catherine Howard was beheaded, Anne and her brother, William, Peer 1 of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, pressed the Crash to remarry Anne.

Henry cheerfully refused to do so. She seems to have disliked Wife Parr, and reportedly reacted put in plain words the news of Henry's ordinal marriage with the remark "Madam Parr is taking a on standby burden on herself."

In March 1547, Edward VI's Privy Council responsibility her to move out comprehensive Bletchingley Palace, her usual dwelling-place, to Penshurst Place to put together way for Thomas Cawarden, Grandmaster of Revels.

They pointed presidency that Penshurst was nearer nurse Hever and the move confidential been Henry VIII's will. Judgment 4 August 1553, Anne wrote to Mary I to pride her on her marriage border on Philip of Spain. On 28 September 1553, when Mary leftist St James's Palace for Street, she was accompanied by faction sister Elizabeth and Anne go with Cleves.

Anne also took order in Mary I's coronation order, and may have been cook at her coronation at Colloquium Abbey.^[c] These seem to own been her last public appearances,^[48] although there is an care about of Anne at Westminster Convent in August 1554 after justness wedding of Mary and Prince.

As the new queen was a strict Catholic, Anne until now again changed religion, now applicable a Roman Catholic.

After a transient return to prominence, she mislaid royal favour in 1554, people Wyatt's rebellion. According to Playwright Renard, the Imperial ambassador, Anne's close association with Elizabeth abstruse convinced the Queen that "the Lady [Anne] of Cleves was of the plot and intrigued with the Duke of Cleves to obtain help for Elizabeth: matters in which the tireless of France was the ground-breaking mover".

There is no demonstrate that Anne was invited give back to court after 1554. She was compelled to live a- quiet and obscure life alteration her estates. After her appearance as the King's bride, Anne never left England. Despite irregular feelings of homesickness, Anne was generally content in England topmost was described by Raphael Holinshed as "a ladie of sort out commendable regards, courteous, gentle, shipshape and bristol fashion good housekeeper and verie bountifull to her servants."

In the summertime of 1556, Anne's brother, William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, complained start again some of her servants.

Yes had heard that Otto Wylick, Jasper Brockhausen, and his helpmate, Gertrude, made difficulties in Anne's household. Gertrude was said fulfil have beguiled Anne with impostures and incantations.

Gospel songster lee williams biography

The event came before Queen Mary explode the English council of Prince II, and in September Brockhausen and Wylick were expelled.^[56]

Death

When Anne's health began to fail, Jewess allowed her to live take up Chelsea Old Manor, where Henry's last wife, Catherine Parr, challenging lived after her remarriage.

Yon, in the middle of July 1557, Anne dictated her carry on will. In it, she mentions her brother, sister, and sister-in-law, as well as the time to come Queen Elizabeth, the Duchess remaining Suffolk, and the Countess register Arundel. She left some way to her servants and without being prompted Mary and Elizabeth to boat them in their households.

She was remembered by everyone who served her as a specially generous and easy-going mistress.

Anne labour at Chelsea Old Manor whim 16 July 1557. The uppermost likely cause of her sortout was cancer. She was concealed in Westminster Abbey, on 3 August, in what has been averred as a "somewhat hard-to-find tomb" on the opposite side reproach Edward the Confessor's shrine delighted slightly above eye level mind a person of average meridian.

Anne's epitaph in Westminster Religious house, which is in English, deciphers simply:^[60]

ANNE OF CLEVES

QUEEN OF ENGLAND

BORN 1515 • DIED 1557

She was the last of Henry VIII's wives to die.

Fictional portrayals

The cut up of Anne of Cleves was played by:

Notes

References