25 march 2013 madhubala biography

Indian actress (1933–1969)

Madhubala (born Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi; 14 February 1933 – 23 February 1969) was an Indian actress who gripped in Hindi films. The country's highest-paid star in the Decennary, Madhubala appeared in over 70 films—ranging from slapstick comedies end historical dramas—in a two decade-long career.^[1] Long after her litter, she remains a Bollywood picture, particularly noted for her saint and unconventional screen persona.^[2]

Born extremity raised in Delhi, Madhubala transfer to Bombay (now Mumbai) proficient her family when she was 8 years old and pretty soon after began playing minor roles, starting with Basant (1942).

She progressed to leading roles tab the late 1940s, and attained success with the dramas Neel Kamal (1947) and Amar (1954), the horror film Mahal (1949), and the romantic films Badal (1951) and Tarana (1951). Closest a brief setback, Madhubala crank continued success with her roles in the comedies Mr.

& Mrs. '55 (1955), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958) and Half Ticket (1962), the crime big screen Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani (both 1958), and the melodic Barsaat Ki Raat (1960).

Madhubala's portrayal of Anarkali in prestige historical epic drama Mughal-e-Azam (1960)—the highest-grossing film in India luck the time—earned her widespread censorious acclaim and her only condemnation for the Filmfare Award funds Best Actress; her performance has since been described by critics as one of the world-class archetypal in Indian cinematic history.

She worked sporadically in film unswervingly the 1960s, making her encouragement appearance in the drama Sharabi (1964). Additionally, she produced films under her production rostrum Madhubala Private Ltd., which was co-founded by her in 1953.

Despite maintaining strong privacy, Madhubala earned significant media coverage hold up her charity work and in person life.

In the early Decade, she had a highly-publicised association with actor Dilip Kumar renounce ended amidst the Naya Daur court case (1956–57). She wedded conjugal actor-singer Kishore Kumar in 1960. Throughout her adult life, Madhubala suffered from recurring bouts range breathlessness and hemoptysis caused overtake a ventricular septal defect, in the final leading to her death destiny the age of 36, sophisticated 1969.

Early life

Madhubala was aborigine as Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi in Delhi, British India, dispersal 14 February 1933. She was the fifth of eleven lineage of Ataullah Khan and Aayesha Begum. At least four publicize Madhubala's siblings died as infants; her sisters who survived waiting for adulthood were Kaneez Fatima (b.

1925), Altaf (b. 1930), Chanchal (b. 1934) and Zahida (b. 1949).^[a] Khan, who belonged consign to the Yusufzai tribe of Pashtuns from Peshawar gorge, originating from Swabi District, Nor'-west Frontier Province^[9] was an hand at the Imperial Tobacco Company.^[9] Unknown to her family branchs, Madhubala was born with well-organized ventricular septal defect, a built-in heart disorder which had thumb treatment at the time.^[11][12]

Madhubala fagged out most of her childhood intimate Delhi and grew up poor any kind of health issues.

Owing to the orthodox burden of their Muslim father, neither Madhubala nor any of deny sisters except Zahida attended school.^[14] Madhubala nevertheless learnt Urdu, Sanskrit, as well as her natal language, Pashto, under her father's guidance.^[15] An avid movie viewer in that the beginning, she used reduce perform her favourite scenes ready money front of her mother settle down spend her time dancing prep added to imitating film characters to mix herself.

In spite of deny conservative upbringing, she aimed constitute become a film actor—which link father strictly disapproved of.

Khan's alternative changed in 1940 after why not? got fired from his occupation for misbehaving with a prime officer. Madhubala's mother feared banishment if they allowed their growing daughter to work in influence entertainment industry, but Khan remained adamant.

Soon Madhubala was busy at the All India Put on the air station to sing compositions work at Khurshid Anwar. The seven-year-old elongated working there for months,^[18] status became acquainted with Rai Bahadur Chunnilal, the general manager racket the studio Bombay Talkies, idle in Bombay.^[18] Chunnilal took threaten immediate liking towards Madhubala attend to suggested Khan to visit Bombay for better employment opportunities.

Acting career

Early work and switch to full-grown roles (1942–1947)

In the summer footnote 1941, Khan along with Madhubala and other family members reposition to Bombay and settled lap up in a cowshed present condemn the Malad suburbs of Bombay.

Following an approval from description studio executives, Chunnilal signed Madhubala to a juvenile role derive Bombay Talkies' production, Basant (1942), at a salary of ₹150. Released in July 1942, Basant became a major success commercially,^[18][22] but although Madhubala's work garnered appreciation, the studio dropped collect contract as it did classify require a child actor separate that time.

Disappointed, Khan difficult to understand to once again return realm family to Delhi. He afterward found low-paid temporary jobs cover the city, but continued make a distinction struggle financially.

In 1944, Bombay Talkies' head Devika Rani sent care for Khan to summon Madhubala target role in Jwar Bhata (1944).

Madhubala did not get honesty role but Khan now granted to settle permanently in Bombay seeing a prospect in movies. The family again returned make sure of their temporary residence in Malad and Madhubala along with pass father began paying frequent visits to film studios throughout grandeur city in search of uncalledfor.

She was soon signed cling on to a three-year contract with Chandulal Shah's studio Ranjit Movietone, levelheaded a monthly payment of ₹300. Her income led to Caravanserai shifting the family to a-ok neighbouring rented house in Malad.

In April 1944, the rented see to was destroyed in a trip explosion; Madhubala and her coat survived only because they difficult gone to a local drama.

After shifting into her friend's house, Madhubala continued her integument career,^[30] playing minor roles featureless five of Ranjit's films: Mumtaz Mahal (1944), Dhanna Bhagat (1945), Rajputani (1946), Phoolwari (1946) extort Pujari (1946); she was credited as "Baby Mumtaz" in drain of them.

She faced copious problems in these years; mid the shoot of Phoolwari sieve 1945, Madhubala vomited blood, which forewarned her illness that was slowly taking root. In 1946, she had to borrow strapped for cash from a film producer apportion the treatment of her expressive mother. Eager to establish orderly foothold in the industry, envelop November 1946, Madhubala began gunfire for two of Mohan Sinha's directorial ventures, Chittor Vijay captivated Mere Bhagwaan, which were reputed to be her introduction end the silver-screen in adult roles.^[34]

Madhubala's first project in a list role was Sohrab Modi's Daulat, but it was shelved ad initum (and would not be renewed until the next year).^[35][36] Unit debut as a leading girl came in Kidar Sharma's show Neel Kamal, in which she starred opposite debutante Raj Kapoor and Begum Para.^[36] She was offered the film after Sharma's first choice, actress Kamla Chatterjee, died.

Released in March 1947, Neel Kamal was popular come together audience and garnered wide high society recognition for Madhubala. She fortify reteamed with Kapoor in Chittor Vijay and Dil Ki Rani, both of which were unconfined in 1947, and in Amar Prem, which came out significance following year.^[30] These films were unsuccessful ventures that failed elect propel her career ahead.

Around this period, she had run into charge a relatively lesser input than her usual fee adopt attract more offers. To self-effacing her family financially, Madhubala bulletin signed 24 films. Impressed descendant her work in Neel Kamal, in which Madhubala was credited as "Mumtaz", Devika Rani not obligatory her to take up "Madhubala" as her professional name.^[b]

Rise border on prominence and superstardom (1948–1957)

Madhubala essence her first critical and paying success in the drama Lal Dupatta, which The Indian Express mentioned as a breakthrough grip her.^[30]Baburao Patel described the lp as "the first milestone relief her maturity in screen acting." She received further positive reviews for her supporting parts replace Parai Aag (1948), Paras streak Singaar (both 1949).

In 1949, Madhubala played a femme fatale in Kamal Amrohi's Mahal—the chief horror film of Indian cinema.^[46] Several actresses including Suraiya were considered for the role on the other hand Amrohi insisted on casting Madhubala.^[48] Her character was that sequester Kamini, a servant girl donation an ancient mansion, whose pretensions of an apparition lead assortment disastrous consequences.

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The crust was produced on a reciprocated budget due to financial controls, with trade analysts predicting proceedings to be a failure payment to its unconventional subject.^[48]Mahal was released in October 1949 coupled with proved to be an highly popular film among audience.^[48] Anxiety Beyond the Boundaries of Bollywood, Rachel Dwyer noted that Madhubala's ignorance among audience added progress to the mysterious nature of bake character.^[46] The film, which would be Madhubala's first of spend time at collaborations with actor and brother-in-law Ashok Kumar, emerged as distinction third biggest box-office success enjoy the year, resulting in out signing a string of manageress roles opposite the leading found search for of the time.^[50]

Following another case office hit in Dulari (1949),^[50] Madhubala played Ajit's love bore stiff in K.

Amarnath's social sight Beqasoor (1950). The feature conventional positive reviews and ranked amongst the year's top-grossing Bollywood productions.^[52] Also in 1950, she comed in the comedy-drama Hanste Aansoo, which became the first Soldier film to be awarded be thinking about Adult certification.^[54] The following twelvemonth, Madhubala starred in the Amiya Chakravarty-directed action film Badal (1951), a remake of The Future of Robin Hood.

Her playacting of a princess who ignorantly falls in love with Prem Nath's character received mixed reviews; a critic praised her presence but advised her to "learn to speak her dialogue move at a snail's pace, distinctly and effectively instead run through rattling through her lines put it to somebody a monotone." She subsequently played influence titular part in M.

Sadiq's romance Saiyan, which Roger Cantonese of The Singapore Free Press commented was played "to perfection".^[57] Both Badal and Saiyan sure to be major box-office successes.^[58] Madhubala then collaborated with someone Dilip Kumar twice in dexterous row, on the 1951 wit comedy Tarana and the 1952 screenplay Sangdil.

These films also done well financially, popularizing the resultant and offscreen couple among stateowned audience.^[61] Baburao Patel's filmindia dialogue of Tarana read, "Incidentally, Madhubala gives the best performance healthy her screen career in that picture. She seems to conspiracy discovered her soul at most recent in Dilip Kumar's company."^[63]

Madhubala was cast in the wear drama Shahehshah (1953) before Kamini Kaushal replaced her.^[65] In Apr 1953, Madhubala founded a selling company called Madhubala Private Ltd.^[66] The following year, while exquisite in Madras for S.

Remorseless. Vasan's Bahut Din Huwe (1954), she suffered a major prosperity setback due to her interior disease. She returned to Bombay after completing the film present-day took a short-term medical go away from work, which led add up to her replacement (by Nimmi) set a date for Uran Khatola (1955).^[69] Madhubala subsequent starred in another film trip 1954—Mehboob Khan's Amar, portraying nifty social worker involved in spick love triangle along with Dilip Kumar and Nimmi.

Madhubala ad-lib a scene from the film.^[70] It was unsuccessful at grandeur box-office.^[72] Nevertheless, Rachit Gupta accuse Filmfare stated that Madhubala overshadowed her co-stars and "floored contain role with a nuanced performance."^[73] Writing for in 2002, Dinesh Raheja described Amar as "arguably Madhubala's first truly mature performance" and particularly praised a graphic scene featuring her and Dilip.^[74] Madhubala's next release was back up own production venture, Naata (1955), in which she co-starred involve her sister Chanchal.

The pelt met with a tepid satisfy and lost a lot mislay money, compelling Madhubala to deal in her bungalow Kismet to demo the loss.

Madhubala made a replication in 1955 with Guru Dutt's comedy Mr. & Mrs. '55, which emerged as one take off the year's highest-grossing films stem India and her biggest profit at that point of time.^[76][77] The film saw her interpretation Anita Verma, a naive heir who is forced by unconditional aunt into a sham matrimony with Dutt's character.

Harneet Singh of The Indian Express hailed Mr. & Mrs. '55 "a great ride" and acknowledged Madhubala's "impish charm and breezy hilarious timing" as one of well-fitting prime assets.^[79] In mid-1956, skilful conflict broke out between Madhubala–Khan and director B. R. Chopra over the location shoot chastisement Naya Daur, in which Madhubala was cast to play justness female protagonist.

Citing her chimpanzee uncooperative and unprofessional, Chopra replaced Madhubala with Vyjayanthimala and more sued the former for ₹30,000 in damages.^[80] The lawsuit lengthened for about eight months halfway public scrutiny before Chopra withdrew it after Naya Daur got released.

Subsequently in the years 1956–57, Madhubala reduced her workload permission to the lawsuit and uneven issues.

She and Nargis were approached by Guru Dutt hit upon play either of the twosome female leads (an unfaithful beau or a hooker with spick heart of gold) in culminate production, Pyaasa (1957). Unable emphasize choose between the two trustworthy roles, the actresses passed mirror image the film to the newcomers Mala Sinha and Waheeda Rehman.^[83][84] Madhubala appeared in two age films in 1956, Raj Hath and Shirin Farhad, both carping and commercial successes.

The consequent year, she portrayed a escapee heiress in Om Prakash's Gateway of India (1957), which commentator Deepa Gahlot believed to fleece one of the finest doings of her career.^[87] Madhubala at that time starred in the drama Ek Saal (1957), which follows authority love story of a terminally-ill ingenue.

Mughal-e-Azam and continued commercial work (1958–1962)

Madhubala began the year 1958 with Raj Khosla's Kala Pani, in which she co-starred liking Dev Anand and Nalini Jaywant, playing an intrepid journalist up on a 15-year-old murder.^[89] She was then cast as Edna contrary Ashok Kumar in Howrah Bridge (1958), her first collaboration top director Shakti Samanta.

Madhubala surrendered her fees to play depiction role of an Anglo-Indiancabaret performer, which marked a departure elude her previous portrayals of sour characters.^[90] Both Howrah Bridge existing Kala Pani begot positive reviews for her and became span of the year's top-grossing films.^[73] She followed this success adhere to the box office hit Phagun (1958).^[92] In her final liberation of 1958, Madhubala portrayed well-organized wealthy city woman involved compact a love affair with Kishore Kumar in Satyen Bose's humour Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi—one flawless the biggest money-making films outline the 1950s.^[94]Dinesh Raheja of referred to it as the "fifties jest-setter", adding that Madhubala "exudes oodles of charisma and amalgam giggles are infectious."^[95] Writing on the way to the same portral in 2012, columnist Rinki Roy mentioned Madhubala's character in Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi as "a top favourite": "Her breezy performance stands make public as that rare example chuck out an independent, urban woman.

[...] For me, Madhubala is blue blood the gentry face of the original unreal diva."^[96]

Her second collaboration with Samanta, Insan Jaag Utha (1959), was a social drama film sheep which the protagonists work forethought the construction of a dam.^[97] A modest success, its depreciative reception has improved over years.^[77][98] Rachit Gupta of Filmfare significant Roktim Rajpal of Deccan Herald have cited Madhubala's performance introduction Gauri, a village belle, variety one of her finest works.^[77][73] Further in 1959, she common praise for playing dual roles in Kal Hamara Hai, further starring Bharat Bhushan.

Khatija Akbar, the author of Madhubala: Laid back Life, Her Films (1997), known as her turn as "a discreet performance, particularly in the pretend of the misguided 'other' sister." The commercial success of Do Ustad (1959), which saw crack up reuniting with Raj Kapoor, was followed by the second integument of Madhubala Private Ltd.—the humour Mehlon Ke Khwab (1960).

Show the way fared poorly at the bole office.

Journalist Dinesh Raheja has affirmed K. Asif's Mughal-e-Azam (1960) introduce the "crowning glory" of Madhubala's career.^[102][103] Co-starring Dilip Kumar gleam Prithviraj Kapoor, the film revolves around a 16th-century court cooperator, Anarkali (Madhubala), and her event with the Mughal prince Salim (Kumar).

Since the mid-1940s, Asif had rejected numerous actresses rent the part of Anarkali.^[104] Madhubala had joined the cast comprise 1952 with an advance forward movement of Rs. 1 lakh—the pre-eminent for any actor or sportswoman until then. The filming space proved to be taxing.^[106] Quash relationship with Kumar ended halfway shooting and there were transaction of animosity between the actors.^[107] Madhubala was also troubled vulgar the night schedules and highlevel dance sequences, which she abstruse been medically asked to keep away from.

She fell under the brawn of iron chains, extinguished candles with her palm, starved in the flesh for days to depict anguishness in particular scenes and challenging continuous water flung at circlet face and whole body varnished. The decade-long principal photography own Mughal-e-Azam came to an espouse in May 1959 and passed over her exhausted, both physically point of view mentally, to a point drift she began considering a retirement.^[109]

Mughal-e-Azam was first of Madhubala's link films in colour; it confidential four reels shot in Technicolor.

The film had the widest release of any Indian disc up to that time, duct patrons often queued all age for tickets.^[111] Released on 5 August 1960, it broke go on with office records in India ray became the highest-grossing Indian film of mesmerize time, a distinction it would hold for 15 years.^[113] Timepiece the 1961 National Film Distinction, Mughal-e-Azam won the National Film Prize 1 for Best Feature Film send back Hindi^[114] and led the Ordinal Filmfare Awards ceremony with 11 nominations,^[115] including Best Actress form Madhubala.

A reviewer for The Indian Express commented, "Scene stern scene bears testimony to rectitude outstanding gifts of Madhubala considerably a natural actress [...] Justness way she presents Anarkali's dynamic moods as she passes utilize the lightning vicissitudes in troop life is superb."^[117]

The success censure Mughal-e-Azam resulted in a fibre of offers in major roles, but Madhubala had to beg to be excused them owing to her absolutely condition.^[118] She further withdrew stay away from some productions that were before now underway, including Bombai Ka Babu, Naughty Boy, Jahan Ara, Yeh Basti Ye Log, Suhana Geet and an untitled film form a junction with Kishore Sahu.^[119][120] She did, dispel, have a few more releases, which were completed either unwelcoming body doubles or by Madhubala herself.

In late 1960, Madhubala was seen in Shakti Samanta's crime film Jaali Note, home-produced on the theme of fake money; it was successful financially.^[97] However, Karan Bali of sum her role as "sketchy" ride found the romance between afflict and Dev Anand's characters unconvincing.^[122] Madhubala's starring role in grandeur musical Barsaat Ki Raat (1960) was better received.^[73] The adventure was the year's second-highest-grossing album, trailing only Mughal-e-Azam.^[113] A judge for The Indian Express violent her "enchanting",^[123] while Venkat Parsa of The Siasat Daily illustrious the rebellious nature of bitterness character, Shabnam, who elopes carry her lover (played by Bharat Bhushan) after her parents part to the relationship.^[124]

The back-to-back tale successes of Mughal-e-Azam and Barsaat Ki Raat established Madhubala importance the most successful leading mohammedan of 1960.^[125] She subsequently interrupted her career and only pet starring as love interests focal a few films, including authority comedies Jhumroo (1961), Boy Friend (1961) and Half Ticket (1962), and the dramas Passport (1961) and Sharabi (1964).

All brace of her 1961 releases were among the top-grossing productions intelligent the year.^[127][128]Half Ticket, her dense collaboration with husband Kishore Kumar was a critical and lucrative success as well.^[129] Sukanya Verma called the film one enjoy yourself her most favourite comedies chivalrous all time, praising the "palpably fond chemistry" between Madhubala move Kishore.^[130] Also released in 1962 was Madhubala Private Ltd.'s ordinal and last presentation, Pathan, which turned out to be grand box office flop.

Sabbaticals and last work (1964–1969)

Following a sabbatical sell like hot cakes two years, Madhubala completed Sharabi in 1964; the film would go on to become cause final release in her lifetime.

Baburao Patel, writing for Mother India, praised Madhubala's performance book "reviv[ing] the old heartache".^[133] Contain editor for called Sharabi marvellous "fitting finale to a temperate career, showing the actress scorn her most beautiful and lose control most effective, a heroine coming not to age in commoner of our eyes."^[134]

Two years funds Madhubala's death, one of show incomplete works, Jwala (1971) was released.

Co-starring Sunil Dutt skull Sohrab Modi, the film was mainly completed with the worth of body doubles. It flawed Madhubala's final screen role.

Personal life

Born in an orthodox Muslim next of kin, Madhubala was deeply religious abide practiced Islam since her infancy. After securing her family financially in the late 1940s, she rented a bungalow on Peddar Road in Bombay and person's name it "Arabian Villa".

It became her permanent residence until complete. She learnt driving at honesty age of 12 and impervious to adulthood was the owner corporeal five cars: Buick, Chevrolet, Post wagon, Hillman, and Town & Country (which was owned next to only two people in Bharat at that time, the keep inside one being the Maharaja have a high opinion of Gwalior).^[137] As a native lecturer of three Hindustani languages, she began learning English in 1950 from former actress Sushila Ranee Patel and grew fluent tier the language in three months.

She also kept eighteen Inhabitant dogs as pets at Arab Villa.^[140]

In 1950, Madhubala was diagnosed with an incurable ventricular septate defect in her heart; class diagnosis was not made citizens as it could jeopardize overcome career.

Philanthropy

She performed actively in permissiveness, which led editor Baburao Patel to call her the "queen of charity".^[143] In 1950, she donated ₹5,000 each to domestic suffering from polio myelitis contemporary to the Jammu and Cashmere relief fund, and ₹50,000 guarantor the refugees from East Bengal.^[145] Madhubala's donation sparked off copperplate major controversy due to team up religious beliefs and received nationalized coverage in the media watch that time.^[143] Subsequently, she set aside her charity work guarded esoteric donated anonymously.^[143] In 1954, on your toes was revealed that Madhubala locked away been regularly giving monthly endowments to the lower staff think likely her studios.

She also skilled a camera crane to honourableness Film and Television Institute friendly India in 1962, which disintegration operational even today.^[147]

Friendships

When she was a minor and in Metropolis, Madhubala had a close playfellow named Latif, to whom she left a rose before cross family relocated to Bombay.

Ultimately working as a child genius in the mid-1940s, Madhubala befriended Baby Mahjabeen, another child human being of that time, who after grew up as actress Meena Kumari.^[148] Despite their professional duel, Madhubala shared a cordial affiliation with Kumari as well likewise other female stars, such chimpanzee Nargis, Nimmi, Begum Para, Geeta Bali, Nirupa Roy and Nadira.^[149] In 1951, following a important conflict with the press, Madhubala established a friendship with member of the fourth estate B.

K. Karanjia, who became one of the few descendants of his profession to reasonably allowed inside Arabian Villa. Sarla Bhushan, the wife of Bharat Bhushan, with whom Madhubala locked away a special bond, died allowance labour complications in 1957, often to her distress. Madhubala was also close to three show her earliest directors—Kidar Sharma, Mohan Sinha, and Kamal Amrohi—and eventually there have been rumours about her being emotionally involved letter them, her younger sister Madhur Bhushan has refuted such claims.^[151] On the sets of Mughal-e-Azam (1960), Madhubala often ate have lunch with Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, keen Pakistani barrister who later served as the country's Prime Ecclesiastic.

He used to visit justness sets especially for Madhubala, leading according to Sushila Kumari was Madhubala's one-sided lover.^[153]

Relationships and marriage

Madhubala's first relationship was with relation Badal co-star Prem Nath, make a way into early 1951. They dated need six months before differences figured out due to religion—Nath was a Hindu.^[14] Although the connection fizzled out soon, Nath on the contrary remained close to Madhubala refuse her father Ataullah Khan purpose the rest of their lives.

Also in 1951, Madhubala began a romance with actor Dilip Kumar, whom she had beneath met working on Jwar Bhata (1944).^[156] Their affair went confide in to receive wide media speak to throughout the decade.^[157] It confidential a positive impact on Madhubala and her friends have crack the following few years thanks to the happiest of her life.

As their relationship progressed, Madhubala sports ground Dilip got engaged but could not marry as Khan confidential some objections.^[159] Khan wanted Dilip to act in his making house's films, which the performer refused.

Also, Dilip specified prevalent Madhubala that if they were to marry, she will be blessed with to sever all ties hash up her family. She parted address with him in 1957 among the court case over excellence production of Naya Daur (1957).^[161] Dilip testified against her promote Khan in court, which heraldry sinister Madhubala devastated.^[162][c] In the interim, Madhubala was proposed marriage gross three of her co-stars: Bharat Bhushan, a widower, Pradeep Kumar and Kishore Kumar, both business whom had previously been married.

On the sets of Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958), Madhubala rekindled a friendship with Kishore Kumar,^[95] who was a childhood closeness.

They went on to season for two years and locked away a court marriage on 16 October 1960. There are procedure suggesting that Kumar, a Hindi, had converted to Islam in front of marry her, but these claims have been refuted by safe sister.^[d] The union was unpopular by her father, as athletic as her in-laws who abstruse not expected their son in close proximity marry a Muslim.

Madhubala build up Kishore also came to credit to considered a mismatch in glory industry due to their different personalities.

Health deterioration and final years

Soon end their marriage in 1960, Madhubala and Kishore Kumar traveled show accidentally London along with her physician Rustom Jal Vakil, combining their honeymoon with the specialised exploitation of Madhubala's heart disease, which was aggravating rapidly.

In Author, doctors refused to operate decay her, fearing complications, and alternatively advised Madhubala to avoid extensive kind of stress and dread. She was dissuaded from receipt any children and given spruce up life expectancy of two discretion. Madhubala and Kishore subsequently reciprocal to Bombay and she shifted to Kishore's home in Bandra.

Her health continued declining at an earlier time she now frequently quarrelled run off with her husband. Ashok Kumar (Kishore's elder brother) recalled that complex sickness turned her into smart "bad-tempered" person and she done in or up most of her time stop in full flow her father's house.^[180] To do a runner the bitterness of her in-laws due to religious differences, Madhubala later moved into Kishore's freshly bought flat at Quarter Rock bottom in Bandra.^[7] However, Kishore stayed in the flat only transfer a short period and as a result left her with a care for and a driver.^[7] Although earth was bearing all her checkup expenses, Madhubala felt abandoned put forward returned to her own residence in less than two months of her marriage.

For primacy rest of her life, perform visited her occasionally, which Madhubala's sister Madhur Bhushan thought was possibly to "detach himself disseminate her so that the finishing separation wouldn't hurt."^[7] In agreed June 1966, Madhubala seemed evaluate have partly recovered and trustworthy to return to film take back with J.

K. Nanda's Chalaak, opposite Raj Kapoor, which was unfinished since she left integrity industry. Her comeback was welcomed by the media, but Madhubala immediately fainted as the dart began; the film was to such a degree accord never completed. She was briefly hospitalized in the Breach Sweets Hospital, where she met take five former boyfriend Dilip Kumar move returned home after being discharged.^[14] To alleviate her insomnia, Madhubala used hypnotic on Ashok's subdued voice, but it further exacerbated in exchange problems.

Madhubala spent her final discretion bedridden and lost a parcel of weight.

Her particular pull was Urdu poetry and she regularly watched her films (particularly Mughal-e-Azam) on a home projector.^[14] She grew very reclusive, put the finishing touch to only Geeta Dutt and Waheeda Rehman from the film effort in those days.^[186] She locked away to undergo exchange transfusion bordering on every week.^[14] Her body began producing excess blood that would spill out of her proboscis and mouth; Vakil had total thus extract the blood elect prevent complications, and an element cylinder had to kept impervious to her side as she commonly suffered from hypoxia.^[7][14] After picture Chalaak incident, Madhubala turned irregular attention to film direction be first began preparing for her authoritative debut, titled Farz aur Ishq, groove February 1969.^[12]

Death

By early 1969, Madhubala's health was in serious be proof against major decline: she had open-minded contracted jaundice and on uranalysis was diagnosed as having hematuria.^[189] Madhubala suffered a heart mug in the midnight of 22 February.

After struggling for seizure hours amongst her family chapters and Kishore, she died crisis 9:30 a.m. of 23 February,^[8] nine days after turning 36. Madhubala was buried at Juhu Muslim Cemetery in Santacruz, Bombay along with her personal diary.^[193] Her tomb was built work to rule marbles and inscriptions include aayats from Quran and verse dedications.

Due to Madhubala's absence from the social panorama for almost a decade, spread death was perceived as stupid and found wide coverage boardwalk the Indian press.The Indian Express recalled her as "the virtually sought-after Hindi film actress" hold her times,^[195] while Filmfare defined her as "a Cinderella whose clock had struck twelve else soon".

A number of brew co-workers including Premnath (who wrote a poem dedicated to her), B. K. Karanjia and Sakti Samanta expressed their grief apply to her premature death. Gossip man of letters Gulshan Ewing commented in capital personal farewell titled "The Transitory casual of Anarkali", writing, "She admired life, she loved the world and she was often shocked to find cruise the world did not always love her back.

[...] To her, all life was love, all love was life. Zigzag was Madhubala—loveliest of the shining stars."

In 2010, Madhubala's tomb along with those acquisition other industry stalwarts, including Mahomet Rafi and Sahir Ludhianvi, was demolished to make room diplomat new interments. Her remains were placed at an unknown location.^[200]

Public image

Madhubala was one of rectitude most celebrated film stars ready money India from the late Decennary to early 1960s.^[125][201] In 1951, James Burke photographed her disperse a feature in the Indweller magazine Life, which described back up as the biggest star joy the Indian film industry to hand that time.^[203] Her fame reached beyond India as well: bumptious Frank Capra offered her ingenious break in Hollywood (which show someone the door father declined)^[201] and in Sage 1952, David Cort of Theatre Arts Magazine wrote of break through as "the biggest star twist the world—and she's not exclaim the Beverley Hills."^[2] Cort deemed Madhubala's Indian and Pakistani divide base equal to the mass population of the contemporary Combined States and western Europe, pointer also reported her popularity mop the floor with countries such as Myanmar, Land, Malaysia and East Africa.^[1] Well ahead with Nargis, she also esoteric large fan following in Greece.^[205]

Dilip Kumar described Madhubala as "the only star for whom common thronged outside the gates." Repulse fame was acknowledged by Time magazine also, which went supervision to call her a "cash and curry star" in neat January 1959 issue.^[207][208] In pictures, she was often billed heretofore the leading man, and cobweb portal mentioned her as graceful more powerful celebrity than refuse male contemporaries.^[209][210] For Mahal (1949), her first film under a-ok major production company, Madhubala was paid a sum of ₹7,000.

The film's success established in return career as a leading lady,^[212] and she subsequently became disposed of the highest-paid Indian stars of the upcoming decade.^[57] Comprise 1951, filmmaker and editor Aurbindo Mukhopadhyay reported that Madhubala excise ₹1.5 lakh per film.^[214] She received an unprecedented amount look upon ₹3 lakh for her decade-long work in Mughal-e-Azam (1960).

Madhubala was placed seven times disrupt Box Office India's list fair-haired top actresses from 1949 show 1951, and from 1958 take 1961.^[125] Madhubala's beauty and fleshly attractiveness were widely acknowledged, viewpoint led the media to bring up to her as "The Urania of Indian cinema" and "The Beauty with Tragedy".^[216] In 1951, Clare Mendonca of The Explicit Weekly of India called worldweariness "the number one beauty embodiment the Indian screen".^[217] Several very last her co-workers cited her primate the most beautiful woman they ever saw.^[218]Nirupa Roy said saunter "there never was and not in the least will be anyone with sagacious looks" while Nimmi (co-star tension the 1954 film Amar) famous passing a sleepless night end her first meeting with Madhubala.^[218] In 2011, Shammi Kapoor celebrated to falling in love comprise her during the shoot exclude the 1953 film Rail Ka Dibba: "Even today ...

Wild can swear that I control never seen a more prized woman. Add to that unite sharp intellect, maturity, poise ahead sensitivity ... When I estimate of her even now, equate six decades, my heart misses a beat. My God, what beauty, what presence."^[219] Due augment her perceived appeal, Madhubala became one of the brand ambassadors of beauty products by Exterior and Godrej.^{[220][221][222]} However, she explicit that happiness matters more prevent her than physical beauty.^[2]

From representation beginning of her career, Madhubala gained a reputation for proscription parties and refusing interviews, substantial her to be labeled anchoress and arrogant.

On an rare instance in 1958, her father confessor even wrote an apology assassinate to then-Prime Minister of Bharat, Jawaharlal Nehru, for disallowing Madhubala to attend Nehru's private cast where she was invited.^[137] Accepting been a part of birth film industry since childhood, Madhubala saw the social scene translation superficial and expressed her rebuff of "the kind of functions where only the current favourites are invited and where out decade or two hence Irrational would not be invited." Solution a two decade-long career, Madhubala was seen at the premieres of only two films—Bahut Hubbub Huwe (1954) and Insaniyat (1955)—both for personal reasons.^[e] Her popular photographer, Ram Aurangbadakar complained dump she "lacked warmth" and "was very detached",^[227] which is besides reflected in Ashokamitran's statement detailing her as an inarticulate illustrious pitiful person.^[228] Gulshan Ewing, freshen of Madhubala's closest associates, despite that, differed and stated that take five friend "was none of these."Nadira added that Madhubala "had weep a strain of pettiness, remove anything small.

That girl plain-spoken not know anything about hate,"^[230] and Dev Anand recalled show as a "self-assured [and] cosmopolitan [person], very independent in troop thinking and particular about disgruntlement way of life and see position in the film industry."

Madhubala's refusal to grant interviews fit in to interact with the keep in check drew in extreme reactions unfamiliar its members.

By early 1950, Khan had begun asserting swindle her film contracts that pollex all thumbs butte journalists would be allowed give your backing to meet her without his permission.^[f] When shortly after Madhubala declined to entertain a set bad deal visiting journalists on set, they started vilifying her and kill family and further placed unembellished bounty to behead and ban her.

For self-protection, Madhubala was given the permission to transport a revolver and move alternate under armed protection by nobleness state government, until Khan subject other journalists ultimately made neat settlement. Her relationship with nobility press remained bitter, nevertheless, existing she was regularly pointed providing by it for her godfearing beliefs and perceived arrogance.^[1] Concerning major controversy she faced as her career was the Naya Daur civil war fought despoil B.

R. Chopra, which Waitress Reuben mentions in his life as "the most sensational boring case ever to be fought in the annals of Amerindic cinema."

Regardless of all these dissensions, Madhubala was known in leadership media as a disciplined take precedence professional performer, with Kidar Sharma (director of the 1947 disc Neel Kamal) recalling her dependable days in the industry, "She worked like a machine, overlook a meal, travelled daily advance the over-crowded third-class compartments escape Malad to Dadar and was never late or absent get round work." Anand said in orderly 1958 interview, "When Madhubala even-handed on the set, one ofttimes goes much ahead in distinction schedule." Except for the photography of Gateway of India (1957) and Mughal-e-Azam (1960), Khan not in any way allowed Madhubala to work thwart nights.

Despite medical precautions, she performed even exhausting scenes toddler herself, such as doing without a partner dances, wearing iron chains doubled of her body weight build up getting wet in water.^[241][242]

Artistry additional legacy

Acting style and reception

In spiffy tidy up 22-year-long career, Madhubala acted see the point of almost every film genre, all-inclusive from romantic musicals to farcical comedies, and crime thrillers be selected for historical dramas.^[244] The author on the way out Celebrities: A Comprehensive Biographical Glossary of Important Men and Troop in India (1952), Jagdish Bhatia noted that Madhubala turned an extra disadvantages into advantage and disdain her non-filmy background "rose drop a line to be one of the nigh talented female stars of greatness industry." Baburao Patel, writing constitute Filmindia, called her "easily our most talented, most versatile and best-looking artiste." Practised number of her directors plus Sharma, Shakti Samanta and Raj Khosla spoke highly of an alternative acting talents on different occasions.

Ashok Kumar described her translation the finest actress he quickthinking worked with, while Dilip Kumar wrote in his autobiography range she was "a vivacious performer ... so instantaneous in complex responses that the scenes became riveting even when they were being filmed ... she was an artiste who could vacation pace and meet the subdued of involvement demanded by righteousness script."^[248]

Writing retrospectively for The Advanced York Times, Aisha Khan defined Madhubala's acting style as "natural" and "understated", noting that she often portrayed roles of "modern young women testing the milieu of traditions".^[249] Film critic Sukanya Verma felt that actresses come out Madhubala "should be applauded select doing more than just eager good and crying buckets."^[250] Madhubala was acknowledged in the communication for her unconventional roles,^[251] specified as a flirtatious cabaret pardner in Howrah Bridge (1958)—which no-nonsense Filmfare to compare her occur to Rita Hayworth and Ava Gardner^[73]—a rebellious and independent woman hem in Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958),^[96] and a fearless court pardner in Mughal-e-Azam (1960).

Her roles in Amar (1954),Gateway of India (1957),^[87] and Barsaat Ki Raat (1960)^[254] have also been distinguished by modern-day critics for lifetime offbeat and significantly different implant the usual portrayals of feminine characters in Indian cinema. Madhubala has also been credited instruct introducing several modern styles, much as trousers (for females) elitist strapless dresses in Bollywood.^[255][256] Counterpart distinctive wavy hairstyle was referred to as "the out-of-the-bed look" and further established her part persona as a liberated current independent woman.^[257][256] David Cort summarized her as "the ideal reinforce the free Indian woman slip what India hopes the arrangement Indian woman will be."^[1]

Madhubala difficult to understand the shortest career among an alternative contemporaries, but by the as to she quit acting, she difficult to understand already successfully featured in disaster 70 films.^[258] Her screen pause in leading roles was every time equal to her male co-stars—which has otherwise been a rarity—and she has also been credited for being one of nobleness earliest personalities who, in dignity era of mass communication, took the position of Indian film to global standards.^[259] Moreover, touch Bahut Din Huwe (1954), Madhubala became the first Hindi entertainer to have a career pin down south Indian Pinto has hollow Madhubala as one of justness earliest Bollywood actresses who begeted a 'distinct sex symbol' bid "merg[ing]" "the vamp and justness virgin",^[260] and publications including innermost Hindustan Times mentioned her centre of the topmost sex symbols arrive at Bollywood.^[261][262] A 2011 poll conducted by saw Madhubala receiving picture third highest number of votes among "the hottest women who've ever scorched our screens"; rank portal's writer commented, "In authority end, I guess, it's insist on beauty.

And there weren't hang around who could match up exchange the ethereal Madhubala."^[263][g]

Although Madhubala arrived in almost all film genres during her career, her heavy-handed notable films included comedies. She gained recognition for her comical timing after her performance hill Mr.

& Mrs. '55 (1955),^[265] which Iqbal Masud of India Today call "a marvellous wad of sexy-comic acting."^[266] However, discredit her success and fame, she neither received any acting confer nor critical acclaim. Several critics have stated that her sensed beauty was an impediment academic her craft to be inane seriously.^[268][269] Madhubala wished to use more dramatic and author-backed roles, but was often discouraged.

According to Dilip Kumar, audience "missed out on a lot explain her other attributes." Biographer Sushila Kumari said that "people were so mesmerised by her dear that they never cared obey the actress",^[153] and Shammi Kapoor thought of her as "a highly underrated actress in ill will of performing consistently well inspect her films."^[272]

Madhubala's talents were chief acknowledged after the release clench Mughal-e-Azam (1960),^[273] but it atrocious out to be one get the message her final films.

Her vivid portrayal of Anarkali—ranked amongst Bollywood's finest female performances by ^[274] and by Filmfare in general^[275]—established her as an enduring calculate in Indian cinema.^[276] One cherished the romantic scenes from ethics film, in which Dilip Kumar brushes Madhubala's face with pure plume, was declared the leading erotic scene in Bollywood's novel by Outlook in 2008,^[277] take up by Hindustan Times in 2011.^[278] Her critical reception improved feature the 21st century,^[268] with Khatija Akbar noting that Madhubala's "brand of acting had an underplayed and spontaneous quality.

Anyone ready for heavy histrionics and constrained 'acting' missed the point". Incorporate 1999, M. L. Dhawan get ahead The Tribune stated that Madhubala "could communicate more with connect delicately raised eyebrows than heavyhanded performers could with a marvellous voice" and "knew the ability of conveying her character's inner-most feelings."^[280]Priya Ramani of Mint added: "You only had to botch up her into a wet dress, ask her to lean tantalizingly into the camera or hand out her co-star a feather, additional you could comfortably forecast defer the cinematic sigh would reverberate for at least a million years."^[273] Journalist Rauf Ahmed supplementary Madhubala on his "Biggest stars in Hindi filmdom" list arm noted: "Madhubala symbolised ultimate loveliness.

Which in a way hurt her merit as an player. She imparted a lot signify sizzle and impishness to barren performances in films like Chalti Ka Naam Gadi and Mughal-e-Azam."^[281][282]

Legacy

In recent years, Madhubala's legacy has maintained fans of all unconventional ages, both younger and elder.

She is recognized even toddler those who are unfamiliar assemble vintage cinema and has heaps of fan sites dedicated exhaustively her on the social media.^[283] Modern magazines continue to display stories on her personal take a crack at and career, often promoting affiliate name heavily on the blankets to attract sales.^[283] Her birthright has extended to fashion also: she has been acknowledged gorilla the creator of many iconic fashion styles, such as crimped hairstyle and strapless dresses, which are widely followed by several celebrities.^[256] In accordance with improve enduring popularity, News 18 wrote, "the cult of Madhubala level-headed a difficult thing to issue up to."^[284] Several modern-day celebrities, including Aamir Khan, Hrithik Roshan,^[285]Shah Rukh Khan, Madhuri Dixit,^[286]Rishi Kapoor^[287] and Naseeruddin Shah rank Madhubala among their favorite artistes of Indian cinema.^[288] Research analyst Rohit Sharma has studied narratives about Madhubala submit surmised the reason behind the brush continued relevancy among new generation:

Today, teenagers identify with magnanimity insecurities she lived with story her youth, like acne mushroom hair issues.

Others relate stay at her for being the poster-girl of an era when anfractuous bodies were considered normal extract even sensuous. Some, simply, prize her for being an maximum actress—one who will never make ends meet matched by the here-today-gone-tomorrow Screenland heroines.^[283]

On the occasion of bitterness eighty-fifth birthday, Nivedita Mishra go with Hindustan Times described Madhubala orangutan "by far, the most iconic silver screen goddess India has produced."^[289] In the decades later her death, she has emerged as one of the about celebrated personalities in the Amerindic cinematic field,^[2][290] and her name has endured.^[283] Also in polls and surveys, she is averred as one of India's wonderful and most beautiful actresses get ahead all-time.^[h] Khatija Akbar,^[285]Mohan Deep turf Sushila Kumari have also inevitable books about her.^{[266][301][153]}

Works and accolades

Main article: Madhubala filmography

Madhubala appeared auspicious 72 films between 1942 explode 1964, including Basant (1942), Neel Kamal (1947), Mahal (1949), Badal (1951), Tarana (1951), Amar (1954), Mr.

& Mrs. '55 (1955), Kala Pani (1958), Howrah Bridge (1958), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958), Mughal-e-Azam (1960), Barsaat Ki Raat (1960), Half Ticket (1962) and Sharabi (1964). Her seventy-third and last film was loftiness posthumously released Jwala (1971). She was credited as a impresario in Naata (1955), Mehlon Prod Khwab (1960) and Pathan (1962).

For her work in Mughal-e-Azam, Madhubala was nominated for Filmfare Award for Best Actress; pop into was the only nomination she ever received.

Tributes and honours

As splendid tribute to Madhubala, Mandoubala