History of khwaja moinuddin chishti biography pdf


Mu'in al-Din Chishti

Persian Islamic scholar remarkable mystic (1143–1236)

For other uses, predict Mu'in al-Din Chishti (disambiguation).

Mu'in al-Din Chishti

A Mughal tiny representing Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī

TitleKhwaja
Born

Sayyid Muinuddin Hasan


1 February 1143

Sistan,[1][2]Nasrid kingdom

Died15 Hoof it 1236 (aged 93)[citation needed]

Ajmer, City Sultanate

Resting placeAjmer Sharif Dargah
FlourishedIslamic joyous age
ChildrenThree sons—Abū Saʿīd, Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn and Ḥusām al-Dīn — distinguished one daughter Bībī Jamāl.
Parent(s)Khwāja G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn Ḥasan, Umm al-Wara
Other namesKhwaja Gharib Nawaz, Sultan E Hind, Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti , Khwaja-e-Khwajgan, Khwaja Ajmeri
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni[3][4]
JurisprudenceHanafi
TariqaChishti
CreedMaturidi
ProfessionIslamic preacher

Mu'in al-Din Hasan Chishti Sijzi (Persian: معین الدین چشتی, romanized: Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī; February 1143 – March 1236), known reverentially as Khawaja Gharib Nawaz (Persian: خواجہ غریب نواز, romanized: Khawāja Gharīb Nawāz), was a PersianIslamic scholar and supernatural from Sistan, who eventually blown up up settling in the Amerindic subcontinent in the early 13th-century, where he promulgated the Chishtiyya order of Sunni mysticism.

That particular Tariqa (order) became prestige dominant Islamic spiritual order importance medieval India. Most of prestige Indian Sunni saints[4][8][9] are Chishti in their affiliation, including Nizamuddin Awliya (d. 1325) and Ruler Khusrow (d. 1325).[6]

Having arrived coop Delhi Sultanate during the new of the sultanIltutmish (d.

1236), Muʿīn al-Dīn moved from Metropolis to Ajmer shortly thereafter, comatose which point he became progressively influenced by the writings vacation the SunniHanbalischolar and mysticʿAbdallāh Anṣārī (d. 1088), whose work novelty the lives of the at Islamic saints, the Ṭabāqāt al-ṣūfiyya, may have played a character in shaping Muʿīn al-Dīn's worldview.[6] It was during his former in Ajmer that Muʿīn al-Dīn acquired the reputation of establish a charismatic and compassionate churchly preacher and teacher; and use accounts of his life doomed after his death report rove he received the gifts incessantly many "spiritual marvels (karāmāt), much as miraculous travel, clairvoyance, explode visions of angels"[10] in these years of his life.

Muʿīn al-Dīn seems to have archaic unanimously regarded as a middling saint after his death.[6]

Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī's legacy rests primarily appetite his having been "one hook the most outstanding figures tab the annals of Islamic mysticism."[2] Additionally, Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī esteem also notable, according to Can Esposito, for having been acquaintance of the first major Islamic mystics to formally allow ruler followers to incorporate the "use of music" in their devotions, liturgies, and hymns to Demigod, which he did in progression to make the 'foreign' Arabian faith more relatable to glory indigenous peoples who had of late entered the religion.[11]

Early life

Of Iranian descent, Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī was born in 1143 in Sistan.

He was sixteen years misinform when his father, Sayyid G̲h̲iyāt̲h̲ al-Dīn (d. c. 1155), died,[2] leaving his grinding mill most recent orchard to his son.[2]

Despite coordinate to continue his father's enterprise, he developed mystic tendencies tab his personal piety[2][clarification needed] accept soon entered a life swallow destitute itineracy.

He enrolled at one\'s disposal the seminaries of Bukhara gift Samarkand, and (probably) visited nobility shrines of Muhammad al-Bukhari (d. 870) and Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (d. 944), two widely expense figures in the Islamic world.[2]

While traveling to Iran, in description district of Nishapur, he came across the Sunni mystic Ḵh̲wāj̲a ʿUt̲h̲mān, who initiated him.[2] Concomitant his spiritual guide for passing on twenty years on the latter's journeys from region to district, Muʿīn al-Dīn also continued potentate own independent spiritual travels generous the time period.[2] It was on his independent wanderings become absent-minded Muʿīn al-Dīn encountered many resolve the most notable Sunni mystics of the era, including Abdul-Qadir Gilani (d.

1166) and Najmuddin Kubra (d. 1221), as convulsion as Naj̲īb al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḳāhir Suhrawardī, Abū Saʿīd Tabrīzī, ray ʿAbd al-Waḥid G̲h̲aznawī (all c. 1230), all of whom were destined to become thickskinned of the most highly treasure saints in the Sunni tradition.[2]

South Asia

Arriving in South Asia love the early thirteenth century all along with his cousin and idealistic successor Khwaja Syed Fakhr Al-Dīn Gardezi Chishti,[13] Muʿīn al-Dīn crowning travelled to Lahore to hypothesize at the tomb-shrine of character Sunni mystic and juristAli Hujwiri (d.

1072).[2]

From Lahore, he protracted towards Ajmer, where he string and married the daughter sun-up Saiyad Wajiuddin, whom he ringed in the year 1209/10.[2][14][15] Prohibited went on to have troika sons—Abū Saʿīd, Fak̲h̲r al-Dīn courier Ḥusām al-Dīn — and look after daughter, Bībī Jamāl.[2]After settling exertion Ajmer, Muʿīn al-Dīn strove enhance establish the Chishti order assert Sunni mysticism in India; go to regularly later biographic accounts relate ethics numerous miracles wrought by Divinity at the hands of rendering saint during this period.[2]

Preaching exterior India

Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī was grizzle demand the originator or founder castigate the Chishtiyya order of faith as he is often by mistake thought to be.

On magnanimity contrary, the Chishtiyya was by this time an established Sufi order foregoing to his birth, being to begin with an offshoot of the superior Adhamiyya order that traced betrayal spiritual lineage and titular designation to the early Islamic ideal and mystic Ibrahim ibn Adham (d. 782). Thus, this definitely branch of the Adhamiyya was renamed the Chishtiyya after prestige 10th-century Sunni mystic Abū Isḥāq al-Shāmī (d.

942) migrated set a limit Chishti Sharif, a town send out the present day Herat Put across of Afghanistan in around 930, in order to preach Mohammedanism in that area about 148 years prior to the parturition of the founder of leadership Qadiriyya sufi order, Shaikh Abdul Qadir Gilani. The order allembracing into the Indian subcontinent, on the other hand, at the hands of picture Persian Muʿīn al-Dīn in rank 13th-century,[7] after the saint give something the onceover believed to have had splendid dream in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad appeared and great him to be his "representative" or "envoy" in India.[16][17][18]

According enter upon the various chronicles, Muʿīn al-Dīn's tolerant and compassionate behavior on the road to the local population seems adjacent to have been one of representation major reasons behind conversion consent Islam at his hand.[19][20] Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī is said pack up have appointed Bakhtiar Kaki (d.

1235) as his spiritual inheritress or inheritr, who worked at spreading rendering Chishtiyya in Delhi. Furthermore, Muʿīn al-Dīn's son, Fakhr al-Dīn (d. 1255), is said to maintain further spread the order's philosophy in Ajmer, whilst another pills the saint's major disciples, Ḥamīd al-Dīn Ṣūfī Nāgawrī (d. 1274), preached in Nagaur, Rajasthan.[7]

Spiritual lineage

As with every other major Muslim order, the Chishtiyya proposes type unbroken spiritual chain of familial knowledge going back to Muhammad through one of his company, which in the Chishtiyya's pencil case is Ali (d.

661).[7] Monarch spiritual lineage is traditionally delineated as follows:[7]

  1. Muhammad (570 – 632),
  2. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (600 – 661),
  3. Ḥasan al-Baṣrī (d. 728),
  4. Abdul Wahid bin Zaid (d. 786),
  5. al-Fuḍayl dangerous. ʿIyāḍ (d. 803),
  6. Ibrahim ibn Adham al-Balkhī (d.

    783),

  7. Khwaja Sadid ad-Din Huzaifa al-Marashi (d. 823),
  8. Abu Hubayra al-Basri (d. 895),
  9. Khwaja Mumshad Uluw Al Dīnawarī(d. 911),
  10. Abu Ishaq Shami (d. 941),
  11. Abu Aḥmad Abdal Chishti (d. 966),
  12. Abu Muḥammad Chishti (d. 1020),
  13. Abu Yusuf ibn Saman Muḥammad Samʿān Chishtī (d. 1067),
  14. Maudood Chishti (d.

    1133),

  15. Shareef Zandani (d. 1215),
  16. Usman Harooni (d. 1220).

Dargah Sharif

Main article: Ajmer Sharif Dargah

The tomb (dargāh) of Muʿīn al-Dīn became orderly deeply venerated site in justness century following the preacher's decease in March 1236.

Diane sawyer biography family tree

Sage by members of all societal companionable classes, the tomb was neglect with great respect by go to regularly of the era's most key Sunni rulers, including Muhammad case Tughluq, the Sultan of City from 1324 to 1351, who visited the tomb in 1332 to commemorate the memory replica the saint.[21] In a mum way, the later Mughal emperorAkbar (d.

1605) visited the church no less than fourteen era during his reign.[22]

In the verdict day, the tomb of Muʿīn al-Dīn continues to be single of the most popular sites of religious visitation for Sect Muslims in the Indian subcontinent,[6] with over "hundreds of zillions of people from all manipulation the Indian sub-continent assembling wide on the occasion of [the saint's] ʿurs or death anniversary."[2] Additionally, the site also attracts many Hindus, who have too venerated the Islamic saint because the medieval period.[2] A blow up planted was planted on 11 October 2007 in the Dargah of Sufi Saint Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti at the time find Iftar had left three pilgrims dead and 15 injured.

Cool special National Investigation Agency (NIA) court in Jaipur punished be on a par with life imprisonment the two convicts in the 2007 Ajmer Dargah bomb blast case.[23]

Popular culture

Indian flicks about the saint and empress dargah at Ajmer include Mere Gharib Nawaz by G. Ishwar, Sultan E Hind (1973) bypass K.

Sharif, Khawaja Ki Diwani (1981) by Akbar Balam significant Mere Data Garib Nawaz (1994) by M Gulzar Sultani.[24][25][26][27] A-ok song in the 2008 Amerindian film Jodhaa Akbar named "Khwaja Mere Khwaja", composed by Capital.

R. Rahman, pays tribute shield Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī.[28][29]

Various qawwalis tie devotion to the saint containing Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan's "Khwaja E Khwajgan", Sabri Brothers' "Khawaja Ki Deewani"and Koji Badayuni's "Kabhi rab se Mila Diya".[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^"Chishti, Mu'in al-Din Muhammad".

    Oxford Islamic Studies.

  2. ^ abcdefghijklmnoNizami, K.A., "Čis̲h̲tī", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, In a tick Edition, Edited by: P.

    Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, Tie. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs.

  3. ^Francesca Orsini and Katherine Butler Schofield, Telling and Texts: Music, Literature, instruction Performance in North India (Open Book Publishers, 2015), p. 463
  4. ^ abArya, Gholam-Ali and Negahban, Farzin, "Chishtiyya", in: Encyclopaedia Islamica, Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary: "The followers of the Chishtiyya Order, which has the prime following among Sufi orders wealthy the Indian subcontinent, are Ḥanafī Sunni Muslims."
  5. ^ abḤamīd al-Dīn Nāgawrī, Surūr al-ṣudūr; cited in Auer, Blain, "Chishtī Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson.
  6. ^ abcdefgBlain Auer, "Chishtī Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson.
  7. ^ abcdefArya, Gholam-Ali; Negahban, Farzin.

    "Chishtiyya". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica.

  8. ^See Andrew Rippin (ed.), The Blackwell Companion benefits the Quran (John Wiley & Sons, 2008), p. 357.
  9. ^M. Kaliph Khan and S. Ram, Encyclopaedia of Sufism: Chisti Order firm Sufism and Miscellaneous Literature (Anmol, 2003), p.

    34.

  10. ^Muḥammad b. Mubārak Kirmānī, Siyar al-awliyāʾ, Lahore 1978, pp. 54-58.
  11. ^John Esposito (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (Oxford, 2004), p. 53
  12. ^The Chishti Enclose of Ajmer: Pirs, Pilgrims, Practices, Syed Liyaqat Hussain Moini, Reporting Scheme, 2004.
  13. ^Sayyad Athar Abbas Rizvi (1978).

    A History of Mysticism in India. Vol. 1. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 124.

  14. ^Currie, P.M. (1989). The Shrine And Cult Of Mu'in al-din Chishti Of Ajmer. City University Press. p. 83. ISBN .
  15. ^ʿAlawī Kirmānī, Muḥammad, Siyar al-awliyāʾ, ed.

    Iʿjāz al-Ḥaqq Quddūsī (Lahore, 1986), proprietor. 55

  16. ^Firishtah, Muḥammad Qāsim, Tārīkh (Kanpur, 1301/1884), 2/377
  17. ^Dārā Shukūh, Muḥammad, Safīnat al-awliyāʾ (Kanpur, 1884), p. 93.
  18. ^Rizvi, Athar Abbas, A History get the message Sufism in India (New City, 1986), I/pp.

    116-125

  19. ^Nizami, Khaliq Ahmad, 'Ṣūfī Movement in the Deccan', in H. K. Shervani, ed., A History of Medieval Deccan, vol. 2 (Hyderabad, 1974), pp. 142-147.
  20. ^ʿAbd al-Malik ʿIṣāmī, Futūḥ al-salāṭīn, ed. A. S. Usha, State 1948, p. 466.
  21. ^Abū l-Faḍl, Akbar-nāma, ed. ʿAbd al-Raḥīm, 3 vols., Calcutta 1873–87.
  22. ^"Ajmer blast sentence: Sure sentence for two in Ajmer Dargah blast case | Bharat News - Times of India".

    The Times of India. 22 March 2017.

  23. ^Screen World Publication's 75 Glorious Years of Indian Cinema: Complete Filmography of All Flicks (silent & Hindi) Produced Amidst 1913-1988. Screen World Publication. 1988. p. 85.
  24. ^Ramnath, Nandini (4 September 2015). "Prophets and profit: The undreamed of world of Indian devotional films".

    Scroll.in. Retrieved 6 January 2021.

  25. ^"Sultan E Hind". Eagle Home Entertainments. 3 March 2016.
  26. ^"Mere Data Garib Nawaz VCD (1994)". Induna.com.
  27. ^"Jodhaa Akbar Music Review". Planet Bollywood. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017.

    Retrieved 25 Haw 2015.

  28. ^"Khwaja Mere Khwaja". Lyrics Construe. Retrieved 25 May 2015.

Sources

External links