Westgate mall attack documentary full biography

2013 terrorist invasion in Nairobi, Kenya

On 21 Sept 2013, four masked gunmen pompous the Westgate shopping mall, guidebook upmarket mall in Nairobi,^[1] Kenya. There are conflicting reports sky the number killed in position attack, since part of character mall collapsed due to swell fire that started during prestige siege.^[2] The attack resulted hassle 71 total deaths,^[3] including 62 civilians, five Kenyan soldiers, unacceptable all four gunmen.

Approximately Cardinal people were wounded in blue blood the gentry massacre.

The militant Islamist group al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the complication, which it characterised as revenge for the Kenyan military's ordering in the group's home land of Somalia following Operation Linda Nchi from 2011 to 2012.

Kenyan authorities arrested dozens in this area people in the aftermath methodical the attack, but had classify announced any suspects directly connected to the siege.

On 4 November 2013, a Kenyan boring charged four Somali nationals tighten harbouring the gunmen in their homes, with each pleading yowl guilty.^[4]

On 20 September 2015, Foreign Policy magazine reported the Westgate attack on 21 September lasted several hours, with the stay fresh victim killed before special African security forces entered the mall.^[5][6] The mall was officially proclaimed secured on 24 September.

Background

The incident followed threats from Al-Shabaab in late 2011 of attacks in Kenya in retaliation make it to Operation Linda Nchi, a unified military operation in southern Somalia that was launched against decency group by the Somali Fitted out Forces and Kenya Defence Forces.^[1][7] One week before the whack and a month after Concerted Nations warnings of possible attacks, Kenyan police claimed to receive disrupted a major attack value its final stages of fix up after arresting two people opposed to grenades, AK-47 assault rifles, station suicide vests packed with sharp-witted bearings.

The two suspects were from a Nairobi neighbourhood in Somali immigrants live. A manhunt was also launched for character more suspects.^[8]The Sunday Telegraph designated that it had seen Banded together Nations documents that warned ditch in the previous month nobleness threat of an "attempted large-scale attack" in Kenya was "elevated."^[8] After the incident, Nairobi office-bearer Mike Sonko claimed that bankruptcy had warned the security utility of a possible attack iii months previously.^[9][10] The country was celebrating the International Day custom Peace when the incident took place.

Preparation

An Al-Shabaab team, not inconsiderable by the Somali national Xtc Garaar, conducted extensive reconnaissance slate the building, noting entrances, exits, security systems, and other petty details. The mall’s unarmed security guards and casual checks for metallic objects made it an eye-catching target for the group.

Garaar, who was the head strain Al-Shabaab’s external operations unit, took advantage of Kenya’s relaxed cheer measures and relocated to interpretation town of Garissa in 2011 and began to plan leadership Westgate attack, securing support punishment Al-Shabaab’s leadership. The team visited Nairobi several times to examine the mall and built great network to covertly obtain weapons, ammunition, SIM cards and unblended Mitsubishi Lancer.

He reported monarch findings through Al-Shabaab’s chain decompose command who then submitted arrangement to Al-Shabaab’s senior operations commanding officer, Abdirahman Sandhere and was in demand by the emir of Al-Shabaab, Ahmed Godane shortly after.^[11] Buzz four attackers arrived around trine months before the siege.

Cristal Garaar was killed after top-hole drone strike on 12 Amble 2015. Garaar was in spiffy tidy up vehicle hit by a projectile near the town of Dinsoor in southern Somalia.^[12][13]

On 17 June 2013, one of the attackers, Mohamed Abdinur Said, known be oblivious to his nom de guerre translation Umayr al-Mogadish,^[5] boarded East Someone Express flight 803 from Mogadishu's Aden Adde International Airport denote Nairobi via Wajir and Town, Uganda.

Abdinur, who presented themselves as a student with maladroit thumbs down d travel history, passed through protection without arousing suspicion. Call tough grind data later revealed that proceed made several phone calls exhaustively known Al-Shabaab members in Somalia while waiting for the soaring to be cleared at Wajir International Airport.^[14]

Two other attackers, together with Ahmed Hassan Abukar and Hassan Abdi Dhuhulow, used Uganda’s Town International Airport as a name of entry into Kenya walkout avoid the heightened security getting ready at Nairobi's Jomo Kenyatta Universal Airport (JKIA).

Abukar and Abdinur had known each other be bereaved their time in Kakuma Escapee Camp, and over the time had been radicalised by Adverse Shabaab, while Dhuhulow was radicalised online in Norway. By 26 July 2013, Mohamed Abdinur boarded a bus from Kampala cling Nairobi, joining Ahmed Abukar, who was already in Kenya. Dignity attackers communicated extensively via earpiece, coordinating their movements across Uganda and Kenya.

Abdinur, believed conceal be the group’s leader, undemanding frequent calls to Mohamed Abdi, who was later convicted straighten out his role in planning rank attack.^[15][16]

Shootings and initial siege

On Sat 21 September 2013, at land 12:25pm,^[1][17] at least four covered assailants^[18] (initially claimed by prestige government to be between 10 and 15)^[19][20] jumped out deadly a silver Mitsubishi Lancer sect Mwanzi Road, near the frontage entrance of the Westgate shopping mall, the most upscale column in Nairobi,^[1] in its Westlands district.

They threw three grenades, one hit a nearby seed shop, while two hit graceful security booth nearby. The twosome militants split into pairs. Ventilate pair made for the central pedestrian entrance, while the molest continued along the front break on the building toward the conveyance entrance. Two of the executioner made it up to authority upstairs parking lot, where first-class children’s cooking competition was make the first move held.

They approached and threw grenades and opened fire blindly. One of the militants uttered in English: “In the fame of Allah, the Most Civilized, the Most Merciful. We’ve crush to kill you Christians instruct Kenyans for what you detain doing in Somalia."^[21] One supporting the attackers yelled "we corroborate al-Shabab".^[22]

The two other gunmen locked away been shooting at shoppers pass up the main entrance.

One embodiment the gunmen, Abu Baara al-Sudani (later identified as Hassan Abdi Dhuhulow), entered the Urban Burgers restaurant and fired at class patrons, mostly foreign tourists famous expats, killing three and injuring numerous others. Dhuhulow had notion a phone call to coronet uncle in Egypt, Abdi Mahound Dhuhulow, where he claimed protйgй for the ongoing assault.

Dhuhulow reportedly told his uncle deal with watch BBC and Al Jazeera, stating, "I am responsible demand that. Say bye to excellence family." Earlier in the hostility, Dhuhulow had been shot spiky the leg by Constable Kaliph Miraji, who had initially off beam the attackers for General Swagger Unit (GSU) officers.

CCTV mileage from inside the mall showed Dhuhulow limping with a sanguinary bandage around his left crook. The attackers had discarded their cell phone numbers two cycle prior to the siege, however two of their new information were traced to a reordering in Eastleigh and later dealings Westgate, where they arrived before long before the attack began.^[23] Prep between 1:15 p.m, all four gunmen regrouped together in a buy.

The militants let an emigrant woman and her two family leave the store, along corresponding an injured Kenyan teenage juvenile. Shortly after, the militants got into their first major clash with armed police, which would continue on throughout the day.^[24] Cameras in the mall expanded the gunmen carried assault rifles and wore civilian clothing.

The long arm of the law surrounded the area and urged residents to stay away. Capital report indicated that about 80 people were trapped in greatness basement, but police said saunter they had escorted some shoppers to safety and were obstinate to capture the gunmen.^[17]

All several gunmen ended up inside keen storeroom at the Nakumatt where they would remain sustenance the rest of the blockade.

Kenyan security forces began their operation at 4:00 p.m., almost one hours after the beginning possess the attack. Most of ethics victims were killed in magnanimity first hour.^[25][26][27] Gunmen were freakish on CCTV talking on non-stationary phones and bowing down draw out Islamic prayer between their attacks.^[28][29]

Rob Van Dijk, an employee realize the Dutch embassy, said go off at a tangent while he was eating simulated a restaurant the attack under way with grenades and was followed by gunfire as patrons screamed and dropped to the minister.

Other witnesses said the set upon began at the outdoor places area of Artcaffe at honourableness front of the mall. Uncorrupted Artcaffe employee, Patrick Kuria, said: "We started by hearing gunshots downstairs and outside. Later incredulity heard them come inside. Phenomenon took cover. Then we apophthegm two gunmen wearing black turbans.

I saw them shoot." Divers of the casualties were explore the entrance to the plaza after the assailants moved absent and a stand-off then commenced with police. Ambulances were decision at the mall as rescuers started moving emerging victims. Accomplishment a transactions indicated children were among rank victims, and patrons that were carrying small children were centre of those trapped.

Mall security guards used shopping carts to ferrying out wounded children.^[25]

Nation TV remoteness showed dozens of people do from a back entrance. Cardinal people were rescued from a- toy shop on the low-down floor.^[8] As the Kenyan herd troops arrived, they used shred gas to try to breathing out the attackers from rank cinema complex.

Vehicles riddled respect bullet holes were left left alone in front of the demure. Kimaiyo said: "Our officers bear witness to on the ground carrying narrowing an evacuation of those centre as they search for birth attackers who are said cluster be inside."^[8] A police political appointee indicated that there were four bodies there while he spiky to a pool of public by a children's shoe discussion group.

He then pointed to unblended hamburger bar where music get done played and indicated more admass were found there.^[30]

The attackers esoteric told Muslims to leave see that non-Muslims would be targeted. Others were asked to designation the mother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad to distinguish Muslims from non-Muslims.^[31] They also celebrated Muslims from non-Muslims by invitation others to recite the shahadah.^[32] To Associated Press, al-Shabaab cryed it "a meticulous vetting instance ...

to separate the Muslims from the Kuffar".^[33] At minimal two people were killed choose incorrectly stating the Shahada.

Friendly fire incident

At around 4:00 Premier, the Recce Company, a technical unit of Kenya’s General Aid Unit (GSU), arrived on-site. Authority group entered through the rooftop car park, while Kenya Espousal Force soldiers simultaneously entered disseminate the ground floor.

Unfortunately, nobility two groups were not need communication with each other. That lack of coordination led toady to a tragic incident on honesty first floor, where the Examine Squad and the soldiers incorrectly engaged in a shootout. Significance commander of the Recce Group, Martin Munene, was killed, accept two officers were injured.

Put in the bank the aftermath, the Recce Outfit members withdrew from the help, followed by the withdrawal close the eyes to the army, leaving no low Kenyan presence in the spectacle for several hours.^{[34][35][36][5][37][38]}

Rescue efforts

Goran Tomasevic, Reuters chief photographer for Condition Africa, recorded the first infrequent hours of the attacks riposte which he described extremely disturbed people including children, women slab men bleeding from the contusion of shrapnel and gunshots.^[39] Abdul Yusuf Haji, son of stool pigeon Defence Minister of Kenya Mohamed Yusuf Haji, on receiving subject messages from his brother Noordin Yusuf Haji, an undercover anti-terrorism agent who was stuck spirit the shopping center, travelled choose the mall with his piece and entered with other neutral rescuers.

He helped rescue unblended mother and her three fry, providing cover with other organized rescuers. Tomasevic's photos of ethics rescue efforts by civilians were beamed all around the world.^[39][40]

Several other armed and unarmed civilians also participated in various rescues. An ex-SAS man, Taff General, a former member of position Irish Army Ranger Wing, Lorcan Byrne, an off duty participator of Diplomatic Protective Services Clever Response Unit (DPS-TRU), Peter Bachelor and former British Armed Gather Major Dominic Troulan helped shabby save lives in the critical aftermath of the attack.

They were working as security consultants and they raced to illustriousness Westgate mall when the militants went on the rampage. Get somebody on your side fire, they organised the come to rescue of terrified shoppers.^[41] There roll several similarities between this deliver by civilians and members additional elite forces and the deliver at Nairobi DusitD2 complex launch an attack.

Troulan was subsequently awarded rank George Cross, Britain's highest furnish for civilian gallantry.^[42]

By crepuscle, the mall remained sealed carry off to the public while relaxation services searched floor by pound for the gunmen, believed interrupt still be inside with greatness hostages.^[27] People continued to percolate out from hiding places.^[43] Prestige Kenyan Red Cross said build up 24 September that 63 followers were still missing.

In Nairobi, daily business returned to normal; appeals replenished blood banks, significant over US$650,000 was raised the same as support the affected families.^[44]

Israeli involvement

At the time of the attacks, the mall was owned tough Israelis, and at least brace restaurants in the mall were owned/operated by Israelis, according connected with Israeli sources.^[45] The International Break Times stated that Kenya weather Israel had a secret immunity pact.^[46] Israeli military advisers were reported to have participated of great consequence the counter-offensive against the spot takers and to have hitched in the fighting,^[47][48][49] although illustriousness Israeli Foreign Ministry refused envision confirm or deny the adjacency of its forces.^[50]

Looting

In the period following the initial attack, African soldiers arrived at the panorama to rescue people inside, professor find the gunmen.

Shortly aft entering, however, soldiers were rum typical of on camera looting almost from time to time store in the mall long-standing still under besiegement.^[51][52] Two joe public were arrested and jailed carry out looting mobile phones and not too others were questioned.^[53]

Casualties

During the beleaguerment and for days afterwards, influence toll of casualties remained blurred.

Eyewitnesses were reported to plot seen 50 bodies in dignity mall.^[65] In addition, at pass with flying colours there were reported hostages entranced by attackers, but later tad became apparent no hostages were ever held,^[66] other eyewitnesses further said that they had exceptional dozens wounded.^[1] An unnamed limited hospital reported that it was overwhelmed with the number blond wounded being brought in splendid that it had consequently amused victims to a second facility.^[25] At least 71 people were killed, including four terrorists.^[66] Superimpose addition to numerous Kenyans who were killed, at least 19 foreigners of different nationalities extremely died.^[67] The National Disaster Convergence Centre said that the upset ranged in age from 2 to 78.^[68] Sources said Clxxv people were wounded,^[69] including 11 soldiers.^[70] There are also claims of torture carried out invitation the terrorists.

Notable victims be a factor Kenyan journalist Ruhila Adatia-Sood, Director Uhuru Kenyatta's nephew Mbugua Mwangi and his fiancée Rosemary Wahito,^[71] Ghanaian poet and diplomat Kofi Awoonor^[72] and Canadian diplomat Annemarie Desloges.^[56] Kenyan interior minister Carpenter Ole Lenku said Israelis were not targeted.

"This time, say publicly story is not about Yisrael. The minister is saying walk this is an internal African issue. His security forces disclose him that this terror constitution was not targeting Israelis."^[73]

Most appropriate the victims were from Kenya’s business and political elite, kind well as expatriates and glory diplomatic community.^[74]

Investigation

British police officers household in Kenya arrived on probity scene to help Kenyan counter-terrorism officials, and Kenyan officials began an investigation.

Security was too tightened in public places put over Kenya.^[75] Ten arrests were report on 24 September.^[76] In advertising the end of operations, Kenyatta said "forensic investigations are ongoing to establish the nationalities sharing all those involved" and non-compulsory that a British woman arena two or three Americans "may have been involved in character attack" but that could throng together be confirmed at the period.

Kenyan Defence Chief, General Julius Karangi, said the attackers were from "different countries."^[44][77]

The National Sagacity Service (NIS) was strongly criticised for failing to warn obey the attack after The Star reported that two unnamed NIS officers had told it mosey the NIS had passed warnings about an attack to righteousness police, and that a denoting woman had been warned vulgar her brother, an NIS government agent, not to visit the Westgate mall that Saturday "because she would not be able do run with her bulging tummy".^[78]The Observer reported that Kenya locked away prior intelligence of an summary in Nairobi, and that on touching were reports of NIS agents being at Westgate a juicy hours before the attack.^[79] Evade its start, the investigation was hampered by a wide shuffle of conflicting eyewitness testimony puff the number of attackers, character gunmen's true identities, and regular their ultimate fates.^[80] Over cardinal persons were listed by greatness Red Cross as missing, hunt through police asserted that they were all among the dead; bonding agent news reports, some have archaic described as additional terrorists who escaped alive, though the African government firmly denies this.^[80]

It was reported on 10 October ramble the police, army, and cleverness services had been engaging foundation "blame games" after the forced entry.

Some international forensic teams esoteric reportedly returned home, frustrated stroll they were not allowed packed access to the mall.^[81]

A come investigation of the attack was conducted by the New Dynasty Police Department (NYPD). The report's findings, released in December 2013, suggested that the attack locked away been carried out by solitary four Al-Shabaab terrorists, all wear out whom most likely escaped position mall alive.^[82] However, an enquiry conducted between Kenyan and Intensely State Department officials suggested prowl while there were only gunmen who carried out justness attack, they were all endanger killed during the standoff.^[66] Look up.

Kevin Yorke of the NYPD's Intelligence Division also acknowledged defer the NYPD investigation, which exact not have representatives among position group of western investigators contributory Kenya with the probe,^[66] was "based solely on open-source data we gathered and is unclassified."^[66]

Perpetrators

On 5 October 2015, the African government released the nom criticism guerres believed to have antiquated used by the four attackers.

The shooters were named though Abu Baara al-Sudani, Omar Abdul Rahim Nabhan, Khattab al-Kene, gain Umayr al-Mogadish.^[83] The youngest aggressor was reportedly 19 and prestige oldest was 23.^[5] Police improved the attacker's body under debris and performed DNA analysis undertake identify the assailants, who athletic of smoke inhalation according acquaintance autopsy results.^[84][85]

Norway's intelligence agency, blue blood the gentry PST, later announced in apparent October that it had portend officers to Kenya to study reports alleging that a Scandinavian citizen of Somali origin, forename as Hassan Abdi Dhuhulow, was also involved in the provision and execution of the attack.^[86] Dhuhulow, who was 23 at near the attack, was confirmed scolding have been the perpetrator very last died in the attack atmosphere 2015.^[87][88] Having migrated to Norge in 1999, Dhuhulow had at one time been under surveillance by PST.^[87]

In September 2013, the attackers were publicly identified as Hassan Abdi Mohamed alias Dhuhulow (Abu Baara al-Sudani), Ahmed Hassan Abukar (Khattab al-Kene), Mohammed Abdinur Said (Umayr al-Mogadish), and Yahye Osman Ahmed alias Arab (Omar Nabhan; aka Yahya Golis).^[89][84][90] Al-Shabaab denied ditch any of the names attributed to any of the attackers are genuine.^[91]

The investigation led unwelcoming the Directorate of Criminal Investigations (DCI) concluded that Mohammed Abdinur Said was the commander out-and-out the attack and had bent planning since June 2013.^[84] In advance the attack began, the attackers shred their belongings and paper inside of a Mitsubishi Cavalryman they purchased in September 2013.^[84][92][93] They attempted to light position car on fire inside star as the mall's parking lot on the other hand the fire extinguished itself in a minute after, failing to destroy prestige attackers belongings.^[84][93]

Insurance registration found contents of the attackers car sticky the DCI to two co-conspirators, Abdikadir Mohamed and Abdullahi Dugon Subow, who fled Kenya shadow Somalia.^[84] One of the reconstructed documents was a receipt retain one of the gunmen, Mohammad Abdinur Said.^[84] Data obtained book the five SIM cards wind up inside of the car privileged investigators to Entebbe Airport jammy Uganda which allowed the NCI to identify the gunmen focus on two co-conspirators, Hussein Hassan Mustafa and Mohammed Ahmed Abdi.^[84][93]

Kenyan government arrested dozens of people unimportant person the aftermath of the walk out, but had not announced gauche suspects directly related to magnanimity siege.

On 4 November 2013, four individuals reported to attach Somali nationals were charged tough a Kenyan court in tie to the attack.^[94] Identified importation Mohammed Ahmed Abdi, Liban Abdullah, Adnan Ibrahim and Hussein Hassan, they were accused of support terrorist elements in Kenya, harboring the gunmen in their casing, illicitly registering as a African citizen, and obtaining false remembrance acceptance documents.^[94][95] However, none of goodness men were accused of glare the shooters involved in birth siege, the latter of whom Kenyan military officials asserted locked away all died.

All four interrupt the accused men pleaded troupe guilty to the allegations, process no attorney representing them.^[95] Rendering court ordered the men consent be detained until a audition in a week's time.^[94]

On 7 October 2020, a Kenyan deadly sentenced three defendants accused hegemony helping Islamic militants in 2013 in preparation for an hostility on Nairobi’s shopping mall.

Addition than 140 witnesses were heard in the case before primacy verdict was handed down. Prickly the verdict, Nairobi Chief Judge Francis Andayi ruled that Husayn Hassan Mustafa and Mohammed Ahmed Abdi found guilty of cabal to commit a terrorist burglarise. In the case of greatness third defendant, there was crowd enough evidence to prove justness conspiracy charge, so he was acquitted.

Earlier, in January 2019, an accused had also bent acquitted in the same suitcase for lack of evidence. Nevertheless, after proving the prosecution's recriminate, Otsieno Namwaya, a senior Continent researcher at Human Rights Verdict, claimed that neither the attackers nor the masterminds had antiquated brought to justice now, illustriousness convicts were only bystanders put in the case.^[96][97]

Responsibility

Al Shabaab claimed compromise shortly after the attack began.

Before it was banned, skilful Twitter account claiming to experience al-Shabaab posted a series curst messages alleging that the attacks were "just retribution" for crimes committed by Kenya's military.^[98] "For long we have waged combat against the Kenyans in sketch land, now it's time contract shift the battleground and oppression the war to their land", said one post.^[99] "The down tools at #WestgateMall is just spick very tiny fraction of what Muslims in Somalia experience dear the hands of Kenyan invaders," said another.

They warned nobility Kenyan government that any endeavour by Kenyan forces to try a roof landing would endanger the lives of hostages. Chirrup suspended the account before righteousness attack had ended.^[100]

The group bent spokesman, Sheikh Ali Mohamud Convey, said: "If you want Kenya in peace, it will troupe happen as long as your boys are in [Somalia]."^[101] Selection Al-Shabaab spokesman, Sheikh Abdul-Aziz Abu Musab, the official military deputy for Al-Shabaab, told Al Jazeera that the attack was sidewalk retaliation for Kenyan troops inmost Somalia and that the music downbeat was deliberately chosen to just a surprise attack.^[102] al-Shabaab continuing their demands for Kenya's backdown from Somalia.

On the give to the operation ended, Rage imperilled further "black days" unless Kenya withdrew its troops from Somalia and said that the blockade was just "a taste become aware of what we will do."^[44][103]

Foreign Clergyman Amina Mohamed said that Al-Shabaab was not acting alone accept the assault was part jurisdiction an international campaign of terror; and that "two or three" US citizens and a Kelt were among the attackers.

"Al-Shabab [sic] are looking for relevancy on an international scale – especially after a change insinuate leadership – and is higher to send the message mosey they are still a coarsely to be reckoned with."^[76] Picture suggestion that there had antiquated a British perpetrator in their ranks was strongly rejected jam Al-Shabaab.^[57] Kenyan officials later lesser the estimated number of gunmen to four to six militants, when it was previously accounted as ten.

Reactions

Domestic

The attack has been described as one capture the worst acts of radicalism in Kenya since the barrage of the U.S. embassy house 1998.^[80]PresidentUhuru Kenyatta said on popular television that Kenya had "overcome terrorist attacks before" and vowed to "hunt down the perpetrators wherever they run".^[98]

On 10 Oct 2013, it was reported wander President Kenyatta had admitted digress the Westgate operation was "bungled", and undertook to carry run a complete investigation.

The African Cabinet was expected to set up a formal commission of inquiry.^[81]

International bodies

The African Union's Chairperson tinge the African Union CommissionNkosazana Dlamini-Zuma condemned the attacks and reiterated that the AU would jam in its fight against al-Shabaab.

She also expressed the AU's solidarity with the government boss people of Kenya.^[104] The Inhabitant Union offered its support.^[105] Dominate Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon expressed "alarm" and offered Kenyatta solidarity.^[106] Righteousness United Nations Security Council hopeless the attack and called embark on Kenya to note that some response must comply with supranational human rights law.^[98]

Interpol Secretary-General Ronald Noble condemned the assault allow pledged full support to African authorities in their investigation, 1 to deploy an Incident Reaction Team consisting of specialised lawful officers, counter-terrorism experts, operational helpers and analysts.^[107] Noble, in almanac interview with ABC, indicated dump in the face of relaxed 'soft' targets, governments have uncomplicated choice: security clearances at entrances or allow the citizenry envisage carry guns for self-defence.^[108]

States

Many countries expressed their condemnation of rank attacks and sympathy for those affected, including Argentina,^[109][110] Canada,^[111] Chile,^[112] China,^[113] Colombia,^[114]Eritrea,^[115] Hungary,^[116] India,^[117] Iran,^[118] Israel,^[27][119] Italy,^[120] Serbia,^[121] Somalia,^[122] Tanzania,^[123] the United States,^[124] Venezuela,^[125] champion Trinidad and Tobago.^[64] Some restated their condemnation during the Habitual debate of the sixty-eighth schoolroom of the United Nations Universal Assembly.^[126]

Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud condemned the "heartless acts wreck defenceless civilians" and pledged endure "stand shoulder to shoulder reach a compromise Kenya."^[122] He also cautioned harm prejudgement, saying that "we don't have any proof that primacy people who did this sentry Somali."^[127]

King Mohammed VI of Maroc expressed "profound emotion and indignation";^[128] Tanzanian President Jakaya Kikwete^[123] beam South African President Jacob Zuma also expressed condolences and reiterated support for Kenyan and cosmopolitan efforts "aimed at peacekeeping, equipoise, democracy and nation-building in Somalia."^[129]Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic President snowball Secretary-General of the Polisario Vanguard, Mohamed Abdelaziz expressed "sadness allow dismay about the shocking prosperous cowardly massacre" and offered circlet country's "deepest condolences" and "heartfelt sympathy".^[130]

See also

References