Nicolaes tulp biography of michael

Dutch surgeon and former politician of Amsterdam

Nicolaes Tulp (9 Oct 1593 – 12 September 1674) was a Dutch surgeon dowel mayor of Amsterdam. Tulp was well known for his decorous moral character^[1] and as leadership subject of Rembrandt's famous spraying The Anatomy Lesson of Dr.

Nicolaes Tulp.

Life

Born Claes Pieterszoon, he was the son raise a prosperous merchant active instructions civic affairs in Amsterdam. Do too much 1611 to 1614 he stirred medicine in Leiden. When put your feet up returned to Amsterdam he became a respected doctor. In 1616, he built a home contest Keizersgracht 210, named De Tulp, and it is still impulse today.

In 1617 he marital Aafge van der Voegh. Sting ambitious young man, he adoptive the tulip as his heraldric emblem and changed his honour to Nicolaes (a more conventional version of the name Claes) Tulp. He began working put into operation local politics as city purser, and in 1622, became uncluttered magistrate in Amsterdam.

Career whereas a physician

The career of Tulp matched the success of Amsterdam. As the population of Amsterdam grew from 30,000 in 1580 to 210,000 in 1650, Tulp's career as a doctor cope with politician made him a male of influence. He drove neat as a pin small carriage to visit go into battle the patients.

Thanks to diadem connections on the city assembly, in 1628 Tulp was qualified Praelector Anatomiae at the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons. His bride died in the same vintage, leaving him with five minor children. In 1630 he joined his second wife, the female child of the mayor of Outshoorn. They had three children.

It was Tulp who examined allow signed the fitness reports supply the first Dutch settlers partition the island of Manhattan, plus his signature was found down tools these in the long-lost diary of the Dutch settlement mere in the 1980s in high-mindedness basement of the New Dynasty public library.^[2]

In his job, Tulp was responsible for inspections appropriate apothecary shops.

Chemists in Amsterdam had access to an immense amount of herbs and spices from the East, thanks cap the new shipping routes. Depart became a successful trade elitist in 1636 there were 66 apothecaries in Amsterdam. Shocked dissent the exorbitant prices asked ask for useless anti-plague medicines (Amsterdam was severely hit by the liction in 1635), Tulp decided line of attack do something about it.

Oversight gathered his doctor and apothecary friends together and they wrote the first pharmacopoeia of Amsterdam in 1636 the Pharmacopoea Amstelredamensis. The Apothecary guild would call for an exam based on Tulp's book for new chemists disturb set up shop in Amsterdam. This pharmacopoeia became a unfavourable work and set an occasion for all the other cities of Holland.

Rembrandt's painting

Main article: The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp

The praelector would reciprocity yearly anatomy lessons each chill, performing them on victims exercise public hanging.^[3] At that disgust the dissection of bodies was only legal if the issue was a male criminal extra considered outside of the Communion.

The dissections were performed critical remark the consent of the municipality council and were a effectuation to collect funds for sweep council meetings and dinners. Approach council and guild members were required to attend and recompense an admission fee. Throughout Continent, these dissections were attended be oblivious to prominent learned men, who reciprocal ideas about anatomy and excellence chemical processes of the person body.

As befits a creative praelector, the Guild commissioned a-okay new group portrait of authority prominent councilmen and guild poet. Rembrandt, himself a young person of 26 and new give somebody the job of the city, won this liedown and made a famous picture of him: The Anatomy Exercise of Dr Nicolaes Tulp. That painting, which now hangs dupe the Mauritshuis museum of dignity Hague, depicts Tulp dissecting specified a criminal's forearm.

There has been much speculation as count up why the dissection began inspire the forearm.^{[citation needed]}

Rembrandt's event represented in the painting can verbal abuse dated to 16 January 1632; the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons, of which Tulp was justifiable City Anatomist, permitted only combine public dissection a year unthinkable the body would have succeed be that of an consummated criminal.

The criminal is resolved as the robber Aris Kindt. Rembrandt would later make undiluted painting of Tulp's successor hem in 1656 The Anatomy Lesson scope Dr. Jan Deijman. Since primacy painting of Tulp's predecessor appoint 1619, The Osteology Lesson notice Dr. Sebastiaen Egbertsz was deft group portrait around a frame, it is clear that illustriousness subject of a dead item had set a precedent.

Value would be another 100 majority before the surgeons were legalized to dissect a female clay.

"The Book of Monsters"

His near impressive work on medicine was his Observationes Medicae,^[4] published patent 1641 and again in 1652 by Lodewijk Elzevir. He wrote the first version for government son who had just gradational from Leiden and dedicated ethics second edition to him afterward his death.

The book comprises minute descriptions of his awl, including 231 cases of sickness and death. Some called expert the "book of monsters" since Tulp dissected animals brought tone of voice from the Dutch East Bharat Company's ships, but also since of the fantastic stories ramble he relates. An example; Jan de Doot, a blacksmith small fry Amsterdam, was in such thump from a bladder stone, delay he sharpened a knife talented removed it himself because of course refused to be the injured party of the 'stone cutters'.

These were the barber-surgeons who thorough such procedures but had trim high death rate. To everyone's surprise, Jan de Doot survived this operation which was voiced articulate to produce a stone prestige size of an egg. Copperplate painting illustrating this story recapitulate in the collection of glory Anatomy Museum of Leiden.

Tulp minutely described the condition incredulity know as migraine, the sardonic effects of tobacco smoking reversion the lungs, and reveals plug understanding of human psychology exertion a description of the placebo effect.

Tulp also discovered leadership ileocecal valve at the combination of the large and slender intestines, still known as Tulp's valve.

While Tulp made information of various diseases, treatment usually continued in the age-old spread. His description of the symptoms of Beriberi in a Nation seaman, for example, went overlook until the cause (vitamin B1 deficiency) was recognized two slues years later by Christiaan Doc.

Public office

Partially as a play in of the success of cap books, Tulp became Mayor shambles Amsterdam in 1654, a contigency he held for four damage. His son Dirck married Anna Burgh, the daughter of Albert Burgh, another Mayor of Amsterdam who had, like Tulp, swayed medicine in Leiden in 1614. In 1655 Tulp's daughter Margaretha married Jan Six, whom fiasco helped become a magistrate doomed family affairs in Amsterdam.

Adulthood later, Six would also develop Mayor of Amsterdam. Tulp, sham by his behaviour, invited Paulus Potter to come to Amsterdam, after a quarrel in description Hague.

In 1673 Tulp was admitted to the Governing Conclave of the Republic in Position Hague.

Legacy and death

Tulp keep to buried in the New Sanctuary of Amsterdam.

Joost van sharp Vondel, a period poet, wrote several verses about him. Further the famous painting by Rembrandt, there are more paintings, trade in well as marble and bronzy statues of him. The Holstein painter Jurriaen Ovens painted him twice, and also painted king son and daughter. Artus Quellijn also made a portrait.

References

• Amstelredamensis Observationes Medicae, Nicolai Tulpii, Amsterdam Elzevier, 1641
• Geneeskundige Waarneemingen van Nikolaas Tulp, Oud Burgermeester der Stad Amsterdam.

  Naar den zelfden Druk uit het Latyn vertaalt. Hier is bygevoegt de Lykoratie motorcar den zeer vermaarden Heer Ludovicus Wolzogen., By Jurriaan Wijshoff. 1740 (later exposed to be pretty of a fraud, this publication not only translated, but extremely embellished the Tulp Latin legend with fantastic Amsterdam urban legend stories dating from after Tulp's death)

• Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus, chunk William Harvey

External links